Objective：To establish the amygdala-kindling epilepsy rat model，to measure the expression of synaptophysin-1（SYN-1) and to explore the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Methods：Totally 140 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into epilepsy group（n=60），drug treatment group（n=60） and sham operation group（n=20）. Amygdala-kindling epilepsy model and levetiracetam treatment model were established. Expressions of SYN-1 at different time points were determined by real-time PCR and absorbance of immunoreaction was detected. Results：Expression of SYN-1and positive cell rate was the lowest in epilepsy-one-week group and was the highest in epilepsy-eight-week group，with statistical differences among groups（P<0.05）. There were statistical difference in epilepsy-eight-week group before and after drug treatment；spontaneous seizure was observed in rats at 14 d after drug treatment. Conclusions：SYN-1 is closely related with synaptic formation and reconstruction. Expression of SYN-1 is higher in epilepsy-eight-week group than in sham operation group，suggesting that SYN- 1 may be involved in the maintenance of epilepsy at chronic stage.