Objective：To analyze the occurrence of atherosclerosis（AS） and its risk factors by examining the cardio-ankle vascular index（CAVI） in health examination group，so as to provide evidences for the prevention and treatment of AS. Methods：We examine a group of 875 persons from an institution of Chongqing underwent health examination in health examination center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. The general indexes in the examination included CAVI，height，weight，blood pressure，fasting blood lipids and blood glucose，etc. Then according to the results from arteriosclerosis detector，the samples were divided into atherosclerotic positive group including 102 persons and non atherosclerosis group including 701 persons. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were conducted for different groups. Results：Male proportion，age，systolic blood pressure，diastolic blood pressure and fasting blood glucose of atherosclerotic positive group were significantly higher than those of non atherosclerosis group（P<0.05）. Age，sex，body mass index，systolic blood pressure and triglyceride were independent risk factors of AS，among which age was the most significant factor（OR=4.375）. Conclusions：The occurrence of AS is related with multiple factors. Therefore，a periodic health examination for high risk group combined with controlling of blood pressure，blood glucose and blood lipids is necessary to re－duce the occurrence of AS.