Objective：To study expressions and clinical significances of nuclear factor-κB（NF-κB） and hypoxia inducible factor-1α （HIF-1α） in prostate cancer. Methods：RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry SP method were used to detect NF-κB and HIF-1α mRNA and protein expressions in 62 cases of prostate cancer tissues and 17 cases of prostatic hyperplasia tissues. Results：（１）RT-PCR results showed that NF-κB and HIF-1α mRNA expression levels were relatively significantly higher in prostate cancer group than in prostatic hyperplasia group，with statistical differences（P<0.05）. Immunohistochemical results showed that positive expression rates of NF-κB and HIF-1α proteins in prostate cancer group were 62.90% and 66.13%，8.33% and 5.88%，significantly higher than those in prostatic hyperplasia group with statistically significant differences（P<0.05）.（２）Expressions of NF-κB and HIF-1α were correlated with Gleason grade and clinical stages of prostate cancer（P<0.05），but not with age（P >0.05）. （３）Expressions of NF-κB and HIF-1α were positively correlated（rs=0.368，P<0.05）. Conclusions：Overexpression of NF-κB and HIF-1α may be involved in the pathogene－sis and progression of prostate cancer.Moreover，NF-κB and HIF-1α may be correlated with the invasion and metastasis of prostate cancer.