Objective：To investigate the changes in the incidence of metabolic syndrome and its components in a community in Chongqing during a period of ten years. Methods：Physical examinations including questionnaires，anthropometric measurements，fast－ing and postprandial blood glucose levels and blood lipid level testing were carried out in the community population in the years 2003，2008，and 2013 respectively. In the study，the criterion established by the Chinese Medical Association Diabetes Society（CDS） in 2013 was used to diagnose metabolic syndrome. Results：The number of participants in 2003，2008 and 2013 were 3 140，3 867 and 5 429 and the standardized prevalences of the metabolic syndrome were 21.0%，21.3% and 25.4% respectively，which increased sig－nificantly（?字2=30.85，P<0.01）. Incidence of both hypertension and hyperglycemia increased significantly during the ten years. Conclu－sion：The prevalence of metabolic syndrome significantly increased in the community in the recent ten years due to an increased inci－dence in hypertension and hyperglycemia.