Objective To compare the anesthetic effects of local infiltration versus scalp nerve block for stereotactic evacuation of intracranial hematoma.Methods A total of 60 patients diagnosed with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage who underwent stereotactic evacuation of intracranial hematoma at a Guiyang hospital from June to December 2017 were included in this study.Using a random number table

these patients were divided into the trial group（scalp nerve block）and the control group（local infiltration）

30 patients in each group.The heart rate（HR）

mean arterial pressure（MAP）

respiratory rate（R）

and oxygen saturation（SpO

2

）at the entry of operating room（T

0

）

10 min after anesthesia induction（T

1

）

at scalp incision（T

2

）

at skull drilling（T

3

）

at suturing（T

4

）

1 hafter surgery（T

5

）

and 6 hafter surgery（T

6

）were compared between the two groups.Besides

the blood glucose and cortisol levels at T

0

2 min after skull puncture（Ta）

2 min after completion of hematoma aspiration（Tb）

at T

5

and T

6

;the pain intensity at T

4

;as well as the incidence of postoperative re-bleeding and patient satisfaction were also compared between the two groups.Results At T

0

and T

1

the HR and MAP were comparable between the two groups（P

>

0.05）.At T

2

T

3

and T

4

the HR and MAP were significantly increased compared with those at T

0

in both groups

but significantly greater increases were noted in the control group（P

<

0.05）.At T

5

and T

6

the HR and MAP were also significantly increased compared with those at T

0

in the control group

which were significantly higher than those in the trial group（P

<

0.05）.At all the measured time points

the R and SpO

2

were similar between the two groups（P

>

0.05）.At T

0

the blood glucose and cortisol levels were comparable between the two groups（P

>

0.05）.At T

a

T

b

T

5

and T

6

both the blood glucose and cortisol levels were significantly elevated compared with those at T

0

in the control group

which were significantly higher than those in the trial group（P

<

0.05）.The incidence of severe pain was significantly lower in the trial group than that in the control group（P

<

0.05）.The patient satisfaction score was significantly higher in the trial group than that in the control group（P

<

0.05）.Conclusion Scalp nerve block is superior to local infiltration for stereotactic evacuation of intracranial hematoma

which may reduce the intraoperative stress response

improve patient comfort during surgery

and enhance patient satisfaction.