Objective To explore the factors affecting graduates’ psychological problems from the perspective of gender and try to find the ways to improve them.Method 551 graduate students selected were investigated with the questionnaire and all the statistics were analyzed. Results The main psychological problems of graduate students were showed as follows:the first one was the pressure problem

accounting for 69.9% of the total; the second one was vocational development

68.4%. The differences of detection rates between male and female on vocational development and personality disorder were statistically significant（P<0.05 or P<0.01）.The differences in employment pressure

economic pressure

social and cultural pressure between male and female were significant statistically（P<0.05 or P<0.01）. Of the biological factors affecting graduates’ psychological problem

the commonest were physiological age

physical disease and gender relations. The differences in these three aspects were not statistically significant（P>0.05）.In the 7 cognitive factors affecting graduates’ psychological problems the detection rates of misunderstanding or improper estimate of practical problems

conflict of values

cognitive preference and misconception in growth

and lasting negative emotions in memory were 53.0%、42.1%、39.9% and 34.1% respectively.Female’s negative emotions last longer than male’s （P<0.01）. Male’s negative attribution of anti-logical thinking was higher than female’s（P<0.05）. Conclusion Psychological problems of graduate students are not optimistic. Some influential factors are different between male and female.