临床护士突发灾害事件应对能力特征要素的质性研究

朱迪; 李莹锦; 严晓晶; 赵春喜; 盛晓娟; 潘靓; 毛玉琴; 陈秋菊

doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn116021-20260311-02303

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临床护士突发灾害事件应对能力特征要素的质性研究

更新时间：2026-07-01

- 临床护士突发灾害事件应对能力特征要素的质性研究
- A qualitative study of the core elements of clinical nurses' competence in responding to sudden-onset disasters
- 中华医学教育探索杂志 2026年页码：1-8
- 作者机构：
  
  1.南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院风湿免疫科，南京 210008
  2.南京中医药大学护理学院，南京 210023
  3.南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院消毒供应中心，南京 210008
  4.南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院急诊医学科，南京 210008
  5.南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院江北护理部，南京 210008
  6.宜兴市人民医院急诊科，无锡 214200
  7.南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院胸外科，南京 210008
- 作者简介：
  
  陈秋菊，Email：282963166@qq.com
- 基金信息：
  
  国家临床重点专科建设项目(2011-872);南京大学中国医院改革发展研究院课题(HLDB09);南京鼓楼医院护理科研项目(2024-H366)
- DOI：10.3760/cma.j.cn116021-20260311-02303
  中图分类号： R47
- 收稿：2026-03-11，
  
  网络首发：2026-06-15，
- 稿件说明：
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朱迪, 李莹锦, 严晓晶, 等. 临床护士突发灾害事件应对能力特征要素的质性研究[J/OL]. 中华医学教育探索杂志, 2026,1-8.

Zhu Di, Li Yingjin, Yan Xiaojing, et al. A qualitative study of the core elements of clinical nurses' competence in responding to sudden-onset disasters[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Medical Education Research, 2026, 1-8.
朱迪, 李莹锦, 严晓晶, 等. 临床护士突发灾害事件应对能力特征要素的质性研究[J/OL]. 中华医学教育探索杂志, 2026,1-8. DOI： 10.3760/cma.j.cn116021-20260311-02303.

Zhu Di, Li Yingjin, Yan Xiaojing, et al. A qualitative study of the core elements of clinical nurses' competence in responding to sudden-onset disasters[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Medical Education Research, 2026, 1-8. DOI： 10.3760/cma.j.cn116021-20260311-02303.

摘要

目的

深入探索临床护士突发灾害事件应对能力的特征要素，为完善医疗机构灾害救援储备护士的选拔、考核评价及精准培训提供科学依据。

方法

采用目的抽样法，于2025年1月至3月，选取北京、江苏、贵州三地的5所三级甲等医院中具有灾害救援经验的13名临床护士进行半结构式深度访谈，运用Colaizzi 七步分析法对资料进行分析。

结果

共提炼出4个主题及8个亚主题，分别为：灾害风险评估与特殊灾害处置能力（环境与安全风险评估能力、特殊灾害专业处置能力）；病情分级与现场协同能力（病情分级与动态监测能力、灾害响应与协同调度能力）；信息沟通与传播风险管理能力（救治信息沟通与联动能力、舆情信息应对与隐私保护能力）；反思学习与资源应变能力（经验总结与持续学习能力、资源替代与改造能力）。

结论

临床护士在灾害救援中承担着安全评估、伤员分流、组织协调、信息沟通、舆情管控、经验转化等复合角色，是保障灾害救援效率与连续性的重要力量。医疗机构应围绕上述能力要素，完善特殊灾害情境化培训，统一检伤分类与救治流程，细化现场协同和信息交接机制，强化舆情信息应对与隐私保护训练，并通过结构化复盘推动救援经验的数字化转化与共享，全面提升临床护士的灾害应对能力。

Abstract

Objective

To deeply explore the characteristic elements of the competence of clinical nurses in responding to sudden disaster events

and provide a scientific basis for improving the selection

assessment

evaluation

and targeted training of reserve nurses for disaster response in medical institutions.

Methods

Purposive sampling was used to select 13 clinical nurses with disaster rescue experience from five tertiary grade A hospitals in Beijing

Jiangsu

and Guizhou from January to March 2025. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted

and the interview data were analyzed using Colaizzi's seven-step analysis method.

Results

Four themes and eight subthemes were extracted

including disaster risk assessment and special disaster management competence (environmental and safety risk assessment competence

specialized management competence for special disasters)

condition classification and on-site coordination competence (condition classification and dynamic monitoring competence

disaster response and coordinated dispatch competence)

information communication and dissemination risk management competence (treatment information communication and linkage competence

public opinion information response and privacy protection competence)

and reflective learning and resource adaptation competence (experience summarization and continuous learning competence

resource substitution and modification competence).

Conclusions

Clinical nurses undertake multiple roles in disaster rescue

including safety assessment

casualty triage

organizational coordination

information communication

public opinion management

and experience transformation. They are an important force in ensuring the efficiency and continuity of disaster rescue. Medical institutions should improve scenario-based training for special disasters based on the above competence elements

standardize triage classification and treatment procedures

refine on-site coordination and information handover mechanisms

strengthen training in public opinion information response and privacy protection

and promote the digital transformation and sharing of rescue experience through structured debriefing

so as to comprehensively improve the disaster response competence of clinical nurses.

关键词

Keywords

references

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