来华留学医学人才高质量培养的多国比较与启示

陈君; 代颖琳

doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn116021-20260109-02292

您当前的位置：

首页 >

文章列表页 >

来华留学医学人才高质量培养的多国比较与启示

更新时间：2026-07-01

- 来华留学医学人才高质量培养的多国比较与启示
- Enhancing the quality of medical education for international students in China: A cross-nation comparative study and its implications
- 中华医学教育探索杂志 2026年页码：1-6
- 作者机构：
  
  南方医科大学国际教育学院，广州 510515
- 作者简介：
  
  陈君，Email：chenjun@smu.edu.cn
- 基金信息：
- DOI：10.3760/cma.j.cn116021-20260109-02292
  中图分类号： R-4
- 收稿：2026-01-09，
  
  网络首发：2026-05-20，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
陈君, 代颖琳. 来华留学医学人才高质量培养的多国比较与启示[J/OL]. 中华医学教育探索杂志, 2026,1-6.

Chen Jun, Dai Yinglin. Enhancing the quality of medical education for international students in China: A cross-nation comparative study and its implications[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Medical Education Research, 2026, 1-6.
陈君, 代颖琳. 来华留学医学人才高质量培养的多国比较与启示[J/OL]. 中华医学教育探索杂志, 2026,1-6. DOI： 10.3760/cma.j.cn116021-20260109-02292.

Chen Jun, Dai Yinglin. Enhancing the quality of medical education for international students in China: A cross-nation comparative study and its implications[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Medical Education Research, 2026, 1-6. DOI： 10.3760/cma.j.cn116021-20260109-02292.

摘要

在“留学中国”品牌建设持续推进和医学教育国际化深入发展的背景下，来华留学医学教育已由规模扩张逐步转向以内涵建设为重点的提质升级阶段。与国内医学人才培养相比，来华留学医学人才培养在生源学术准备、语言与临床情境转换、培养标准落实及毕业后执业衔接等方面具有更突出的复杂性和特殊性。本文采用制度分析与比较研究方法，围绕国际学生招生筛选、培养标准、学生支持和职业过渡等维度，对英国、美国和澳大利亚的相关做法进行比较。研究发现，我国来华留学医学教育的主要瓶颈并非国家层面临床医学专业认证框架本身，而是项目实施层面仍存在招生门槛不统一、毕业要求与同质化培养落实不到位、临床教学跨文化适配偏弱、执业与职业发展支持不连续等问题。基于此，本文提出构建“引—育—用”一体化培养体系，即在“引”上强化分层分类招生与入学前后衔接支持；在“育”上坚持同标培养与差异支持并举，完善胜任力导向课程、形成性评价和教学基地质量监测；在“用”上加强执业考试指导、职业发展服务与毕业后桥梁培训。研究旨在为构建兼具国际可比性与中国情境适应性的来华留学医学人才培养模式提供参考。

Abstract

Against the backdrop of the continuous advancement of the "Study in China" initiative and the deepening internationalization of medical education

China has gradually transitioned from enrollment expansion to quality-oriented development in international medical education. Compared with domestic medical education

international medical education presents distinct complexities and unique characteristics—particularly regarding students' academic preparation

transition across linguistic and clinical contexts

implementation of training standards

and post-graduation transition into professional practice across borders. Using institutional analysis and comparative research methods

this study examines practices in the United Kingdom

the United States

and Australia with a focus on screening criteria for enrollment

training standards

student support

and transition to practice. The study reveals that the main challenges for international medical education in China do not lie in the national accreditation framework for clinical medicine but in uneven implementation across programs

including inconsistent admission criteria

insufficient enforcement of graduation requirements and homogenized training

weak cross-cultural adaptation in clinical teaching

and fragmented licensure and career support after graduation. Accordingly

the article proposes an integrated framework of recruitment

cultivation

and utilization. Specifically

the focus of recruitment is on strengthening stratified and categorized admissions as well as providing seamless transitional support both prior to and immediately following enrollment. Regarding cultivation

the approach emphasizes a dual strategy of maintaining standardized training while offering differentiated support; this entails refining competency-oriented curricula

enhancing formative assessment

and monitoring the quality of teaching bases. Regarding utilization

efforts are directed toward strengthening guidance for professional licensing examinations

providing career development services

and offering bridging training for graduates. This study aims to provide a reference for developing an internationally comparable yet contextually grounded model of medical education for international students in China.

关键词

Keywords

references

中国教育国际交流协会国际医学教育分会 . 来华留学生临床医学专业本科教育（英语授课）质量控制标准（试行） [S ] . 北京：中国教育国际交流协会， 2020 .

黄睿彦 . 来华留学生本科医学教育现状分析 [J ] . 医学与哲学， 2019 ， 40 （ 16 ）： 70 - 74 . DOI: 10.12014/j.issn.1002-0772.2019.16.17 http://dx.doi.org/10.12014/j.issn.1002-0772.2019.16.17 .

教育部 . 教育部临床医学专业认证工作委员会正式通过世界医学教育联合会医学教育认证机构认定 [EB/OL ] . （ 2020-06-23 ）[ 2026-03-27 ] . https://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_xwfb/s271/202006/t20200623_467766.html https://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_xwfb/s271/202006/t20200623_467766.html .

World Federation for Medical Education . Working committee for the accreditation of medical education, ministry of education （WCAME） awarded WFME recognition status [EB/OL ] . （ 2020 - 06 - 03 ） [2026-03-27] . https://wfme.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/WFME_Press_Release_WCAME_Recognition_June-2020.pdf https://wfme.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/WFME_Press_Release_WCAME_Recognition_June-2020.pdf .

General Medical Council . Outcomes for graduates [EB/OL ] . [ 2026-03-27 ] . https://www.gmc-uk.org/education/standards-guidance-and-curricula/standards-and-outcomes/outcomes-for-graduates https://www.gmc-uk.org/education/standards-guidance-and-curricula/standards-and-outcomes/outcomes-for-graduates .

Association of American Medical Colleges . Applying to medical school as an international applicant [EB/OL ] . [ 2026-03-27 ] . https://students-residents.aamc.org/applying-medical-school/applying-medical-school-international-applicant https://students-residents.aamc.org/applying-medical-school/applying-medical-school-international-applicant .

Liaison Committee on Medical Education . Functions and structure of a medical school 2025 - 2026 [EB/OL ] . [ 2026-03-27 ] . https://lcme.org/standards-and-rules/ https://lcme.org/standards-and-rules/ .

Australian Medical Council . Review of accreditation standards for primary medical programs （medical school standards review） [EB/OL ] . [ 2026-03-27 ] . https://www.amc.org.au/accredited-organisations/review-of-accreditation-standards-for-primary-medical-programs/ https://www.amc.org.au/accredited-organisations/review-of-accreditation-standards-for-primary-medical-programs/ .

Australian Medical Council . Guidance matrix: Standard 4 and Standard 5 [EB/OL ] . [ 2026-03-27 ] . https://www.amc.org.au/accredited-organisations/medical-schools/guidance-matrix-overview/guidance-matrix-standard-4/; https://www.amc.org.au/accredited-organisations/medical-schools/guidance-matrix-overview/guidance-matrix-standard-5/ https://www.amc.org.au/accredited-organisations/medical-schools/guidance-matrix-overview/guidance-matrix-standard-4/;https://www.amc.org.au/accredited-organisations/medical-schools/guidance-matrix-overview/guidance-matrix-standard-5/ .

Frank JR , Snell LS , Ten Cate O , et al . Competency-based medical education: theory to practice [J ] . Med Teach , 2010 , 32 ( 8 ): 638 - 645 . DOI: 10.3109/0142159X.2010.501190 http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/0142159X.2010.501190 .

Harden RM . What is a spiral curriculum? [J ] . Med Teach , 1999 , 21 ( 2 ): 141 - 143 . DOI: 10.1080/01421599979752 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01421599979752 .

National Resident Matching Program . Results and data: 2024 main residency match [EB/OL ] . [ 2026-03-27 ] . https://www.nrmp.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/2024-Main-Match-Results-and-Data-Final.pdf https://www.nrmp.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/2024-Main-Match-Results-and-Data-Final.pdf .

Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency . Applying for registration [EB/OL ] . [ 2026-03-27 ] . https://www.ahpra.gov.au/Registration/Applying-for-registration.aspx https://www.ahpra.gov.au/Registration/Applying-for-registration.aspx .

徐佳，王国利，张汝峰，等 . 医学院校临床教学质量同质化分析及改进建议 [J ] . 中国高等医学教育， 2024 （ 6 ）： 34 - 35， 38 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-1701.2024.06.013 http://dx.doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1002-1701.2024.06.013 .

Ratnapalan S , Jarvis A . How to identify medical students at risk of academic failure and help them succeed? an interview with a medical educator [J ] . Med Sci Educ , 2020 , 30 ( 2 ): 989 - 994 . DOI: 10.1007/s40670-020-00940-1 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40670-020-00940-1 .

Nwankwo EP , Onyejesi DC , Onyia OE . A review of support for International Medical Graduates (IMGs): a scoping review [J ] . BMC Med Educ , 2025 , 25 ( 1 ): 924 . DOI: 10.1186/s12909-025-07389-z http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12909-025-07389-z .

王庆怡，赵佳，施翌，等 . 医学院校八年制EMP课程能力框架构建与教学实践 [J ] . 中华医学教育探索杂志， 2024 ， 23 （ 10 ）： 1352 - 1357 . DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn116021-20240110-01829 http://dx.doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn116021-20240110-01829 .

李培森，王羽，刘恩梅，等 . 医学教育“在地国际化”：内涵意蕴、价值旨归与实践路向 [J ] . 中华医学教育探索杂志， 2025 ， 24 （ 7 ）： 908 - 914 . DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn116021-20241011-02072 http://dx.doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn116021-20241011-02072 .

浏览量

下载量

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

提交

工具集

关联资源

初级职称护士循证护理能力现状及影响因素分析

大语言模型在公共卫生与预防医学专业院校教育中的应用与展望

置信职业行为在胜任力导向的放射科住院医师规范化培训中的研究进展

智能体赋能模拟导尿在临床实习教学中的应用

静脉血栓栓塞症智能知识库的构建及在医学教育中的应用评价