护理实习生差错取向潜在剖面分析及影响因素研究

王文文; 杨彩侠; 李大珍; 刘淑静; 郭园丽; 马珂珂

doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn116021-20260105-02387

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护理实习生差错取向潜在剖面分析及影响因素研究

更新时间：2026-10-28

- 护理实习生差错取向潜在剖面分析及影响因素研究
- Latent profile analysis of error orientation and its influencing factors among nursing interns
- 中华医学教育探索杂志 2026年页码：1-10
- 作者机构：
  
  1.郑州大学第一附属医院神经内科三病区，郑州 450002
  2.郑州大学护理与健康学院，郑州 450001
- 作者简介：
  
  马珂珂，Email：809643627@qq.com
- 基金信息：
  
  河南省高等学校重点科研项目计划(26A320053);“脑卒中防治技术研究”项目2023年度课题(WKZX2023CZ0402);郑州大学第一附属医院护理研究专项基金(HLKY20230001)
- DOI：10.3760/cma.j.cn116021-20260105-02387
  中图分类号： R-0;R-4;R-49
- 收稿：2026-01-05，
  
  网络首发：2026-10-28，
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
王文文, 杨彩侠, 李大珍, 等. 护理实习生差错取向潜在剖面分析及影响因素研究[J/OL]. 中华医学教育探索杂志, 2026,1-10.

Wang Wenwen, Yang Caixia, Li Dazhen, et al. Latent profile analysis of error orientation and its influencing factors among nursing interns[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Medical Education Research, 2026, 1-10.
王文文, 杨彩侠, 李大珍, 等. 护理实习生差错取向潜在剖面分析及影响因素研究[J/OL]. 中华医学教育探索杂志, 2026,1-10. DOI： 10.3760/cma.j.cn116021-20260105-02387.

Wang Wenwen, Yang Caixia, Li Dazhen, et al. Latent profile analysis of error orientation and its influencing factors among nursing interns[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Medical Education Research, 2026, 1-10. DOI： 10.3760/cma.j.cn116021-20260105-02387.

摘要

目的

探讨护理实习生差错取向的潜在类别，并分析各类别的差异及影响因素，为提升临床护理安全性提供实证依据。

方法

于2024年9至11月，采用便利抽样法选取河南省郑州市某三级甲等教学医院的550名护理实习生为研究对象，使用一般资料问卷、差错取向问卷（error orientation scale，EOS）、一般自我效能感量表（general self-efficacy scale，GSES）、安全感量表（safety sense scale，SS）、成就动机量表（achievement motivation scale，AMS）、能力权变自尊量表（competence-based self-esteem scale，CBSES）和关系权变自尊量表（relation-based self-esteem scale，RBSES）进行调查。通过潜在剖面分析（latent profile analysis，LPA）探讨护理实习生差错取向的潜在剖面特征，并采用Logistic回归分析不同潜在类别的影响因素。

结果

共纳入550例，最终识别出3个差错取向的潜在类别，分为坦诚预判组240名（43.64%）、消极回避组234名（42.55%）、积极冒险组76名（13.82%）。多分类Logistic回归显示：自我效能感（

=1.138，95%

=1.043~1.242）、安全感（

=1.043，95%

=1.018~1.069）、追求成功动机（

=1.077，95%

=1.004~1.155）、逃避失败动机（

=1.124，95%

=1.057~1.195）、能力权变自尊（

=1.120，95%

=1.040~1.206）、对差错事件的了解（

=0.890，95%

=0.854~0.928）是护理实习生差错取向潜在剖面的影响因素（

均

0.05）。

结论

护理实习生的差错取向存在异质性，护理教育者需及时判断其差错取向的所属类别及影响因素，引导护理实习生不掩盖差错、规范上报、从差错案例中总结经验、精进专业素养，以促进教学质量及护理质量的改进，维护患者安全。

Abstract

Objective

To explore the latent classes of error orientation among nursing interns

analyze the differences and influencing factors of each class

and provide empirical evidence for improving the safety of clinical nursing practice.

Methods

From September to November 2024

a total of 550 nursing interns from a tertiary grade A teaching hospital in Zhengzhou

Henan Province

were selected as research subjects by convenience sampling. The General Information Questionnaire

Error Orientation Scale

General Self-Efficacy Scale

Safety Sense Scale

Achievement Motivation Scale

Competence-Based Self-Esteem Scale

and Relation-Based Self-Esteem Scale were used for the investigation. Latent profile analysis was adopted to explore the latent profile characteristics of error orientation among nursing interns

and a logistic regression analysis was used to identify the influencing factors of different latent classes.

Results

A total of 550 nursing interns were included in the final analysis

nd three latent classes of error orientation were identified

namely the candid prediction group (

=240

43.64%)

the passive avoidance group (

=234

42.55%)

and the active risk-taking group (

=76

13.82%). Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that self-efficacy (odds ratio [

]

=1.138

95%CI: 1.043-1.242)

safety sense (

=1.043

95%

: 1.018-1.069)

motivation to pursue success (

=1.077

95%

: 1.004-1.155)

motivation to avoid failure (

=1.124

95%

: 1.057-1.195)

competence-based self-esteem (

=1.120

95%CI: 1.040-1.206)

and understanding of error events (

=0.890

95%

: 0.854-0.928) were the influencing factors of latent profiles of error orientation among nursing interns (all

0.05).

Conclusions

Error orientation among nursing interns presents heterogeneous characteristics. Nursing educators should promptly identify the latent class of error orientation and its influencing factors for nursing interns

and guide them to refuse error concealment

conduct standardized error reporting

learn from error cases

and improve professional competence. This approach is expected to promote the improvement of teaching quality and nursing quality

and safeguard patient safety.

关键词

Keywords

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