中美临床药师核心胜任力框架比较

王健崭; 庄佳; 李莉

doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn116021-20251212-02235

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中美临床药师核心胜任力框架比较

比较医学教育 | 更新时间：2026-06-17

- 中美临床药师核心胜任力框架比较
- Comparison of core competency frameworks for clinical pharmacists in China and the United States
- 中华医学教育探索杂志 2026年25卷第6期页码：754-761
- 作者机构：
  
  中国药科大学马克思主义学院，南京 211198
- 作者简介：
  
  王健崭，Email：13655170591@163.com
- 基金信息：
  
  2025年江苏省高等教育教改研究课题(2025JGZD238);2025年江苏省高校教育信息化研究课题(2025JSETKT243)
- DOI：10.3760/cma.j.cn116021-20251212-02235
  中图分类号： R9
- 收稿：2025-12-12，
  
  纸质出版：2026-06-20
- 稿件说明：
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王健崭, 庄佳, 李莉. 中美临床药师核心胜任力框架比较[J]. 中华医学教育探索杂志, 2026, 25(6): 754-761.

Wang Jianzhan, Zhuang Jia, Li Li. Comparison of core competency frameworks for clinical pharmacists in China and the United States[J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Education Research, 2026, 25(6): 754-761.
王健崭, 庄佳, 李莉. 中美临床药师核心胜任力框架比较[J]. 中华医学教育探索杂志, 2026, 25(6): 754-761. DOI： 10.3760/cma.j.cn116021-20251212-02235.

Wang Jianzhan, Zhuang Jia, Li Li. Comparison of core competency frameworks for clinical pharmacists in China and the United States[J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Education Research, 2026, 25(6): 754-761. DOI： 10.3760/cma.j.cn116021-20251212-02235.

摘要

在药学服务逐步向以患者需求为核心的高质量发展模式转变背景下，临床药师的核心胜任力框架日益成为其培养与考核的关键参考。本文聚焦中美两国临床药师核心胜任力框架，深入剖析其发展演进，并从病人照护、知识技能、职业素养、沟通协作以及持续发展能力等关键维度，对比分析两国框架的异同之处。研究发现，美国临床药师胜任力框架依托成熟的执业体系和连贯的培养路径，着重培养临床判断力、治疗管理能力以及专业自主性；相较之下，中国框架则更注重实践能力与服务规范，凸显了政策导向和人文关怀的本土化特点。两国框架在内容设置、评价机制及实际应用上的差异，主要缘于制度保障、医保支付模式以及岗位角色定位等深层次因素。针对中国框架在标准化程度、应用深度以及持续发展机制上存在的不足，本文提出4项优化策略：一是借助大数据与智能化平台强化临床药师的培养与临床服务；二是构建规范化、强制性的继续教育体系，提升职业发展动力；三是明确药师在诊疗过程中的职责权限，增强其临床决策地位；四是推动以胜任力为导向的人才培养体系建设，提升教育与实践融合度。本研究旨在为中国临床药师能力建设体系的完善提供参考，推动胜任力框架的制度化应用与实践落地，进而提升药学服务质量和专业影响力。

Abstract

As pharmaceutical services progressively shift towards a patient-centered

high-quality development model

the core competency framework for clinical pharmacists has become a crucial reference for their training and assessment. This paper focuses on the core competency frameworks for clinical pharmacists in China and the United States. It provides an in-depth analysis of their development and evolution

and conducts a comparative analysis of the similarities and differences between the two frameworks across key dimensions

including patient care

knowledge and skills

professionalism

communication and collaboration

and sustainable development capabilities. The study found that the U.S. competency framework

supported by a mature practice system and a coherent training roadmap

emphasizes the cultivation of clinical judgment

treatment management capabilities

and professional autonomy. In contrast

the Chinese framework places greater emphasis on practical abilities and service standards

highlighting localized characteristics shaped by policy orientation and humanistic care. The differences between the two frameworks in content design

evaluation mechanisms

and practical application primarily stem from underlying factors such as institutional support

healthcare payment models

and the defined role of the pharmacist position. In light of the shortcomings of the Chinese framework regarding standardization

depth of application

and mechanisms for sustainable development

this paper proposes four optimization strategies. First

big data and intelligent platforms should be leveraged to enhance the training of clinical pharmacists and their clinical services. Second

a standardized and mandatory continuing education system should be established to increase motivation for professional development. Third

the responsibilities and authorities of pharmacists within the diagnostic and treatment process should be clarified to strengthen their role in clinical decision-making. Fourth

the development of a competency-oriented talent training system should be promoted to improve the integration of education and practice. This study aims to provide a reference for improving the capacity training system for clinical pharmacists in China

promoting the institutionalized application and practical implementation of the competency framework

and thereby enhancing the quality of pharmaceutical services and professional influence.

关键词

Keywords

references

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