原型理论在临床推理教学中的意义和应用

任晓非; 王继年

doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn116021-20240718-02045

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原型理论在临床推理教学中的意义和应用

教育研究 | 更新时间：2025-07-01

- 原型理论在临床推理教学中的意义和应用
- Significance and application of prototype theory in clinical reasoning education
- 中华医学教育探索杂志 2025年24卷第6期页码：784-787
- 作者机构：
  
  1.安徽医科大学第一附属医院消化内科，合肥 230022
  2.安徽医科大学第一附属医院教育处，合肥 230022
- 作者简介：
  
  王继年，Email：ayfyjnw@163.com
- 基金信息：
  
  安徽省教育厅2023年度高等学校省级质量工程项目(2023jyxm1109)
- DOI：10.3760/cma.j.cn116021-20240718-02045
  中图分类号： R-05
- 收稿日期：2024-07-18，
  
  纸质出版日期：2025-06-20
- 稿件说明：
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任晓非, 王继年. 原型理论在临床推理教学中的意义和应用[J]. 中华医学教育探索杂志, 2025, 24(6): 784-787.

Ren Xiaofei, Wang Jinian. Significance and application of prototype theory in clinical reasoning education[J]. Chinese journal of medical education research, 2025, 24(6): 784-787.
任晓非, 王继年. 原型理论在临床推理教学中的意义和应用[J]. 中华医学教育探索杂志, 2025, 24(6): 784-787. DOI： 10.3760/cma.j.cn116021-20240718-02045.

Ren Xiaofei, Wang Jinian. Significance and application of prototype theory in clinical reasoning education[J]. Chinese journal of medical education research, 2025, 24(6): 784-787. DOI： 10.3760/cma.j.cn116021-20240718-02045.

摘要

原型理论认为，医生记忆中存在具有代表性特征的疾病原型，临床疾病诊断主要根据与这些疾病原型的相似性进行匹配分类。基于原型理论的案例教学法有助于促进医学生在记忆中创建疾病原型，从而提高医学生的临床推理能力。在原型相似性理论基础上进行的原型创建和原型学习，可用于人工智能辅助教学。样例理论能够弥补原型构建过程中可能出现的特定信息丢失的缺点。应用原型理论必须与我国医学教学实践相结合，因此开展基于原型理论的临床推理教学将是未来重要的研究方向。

Abstract

The prototype theory holds that there are disease prototypes with a series of representative characteristics in the memory of doctors

and clinical disease diagnosis is mainly based on the similarity with these disease prototypes. The case-based teaching method based on prototype theory can facilitate the medical students to create disease prototypes in their memory

thereby enhancing their clinical reasoning ability. Prototype creation and prototype learning based on prototype resemblance theory can be used in artificial intelligence-assisted teaching. The example theory can make up for the loss of specific information during prototype construction. The application of prototype theory must be combined with the practice of medical teaching in China

and the development of clinical reasoning education based on prototype theory is an important research direction in the future.

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references

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