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1.陆军军医大学(第三军医大学),药学与检验医学系临床检验与野战检验教研室,重庆
2.陆军军医大学(第三军医大学),高原军事医学系病理生理学教研室,重庆
李露露,E-mail:lululilululi@163.com
缪洪明,E-mail:hongmingmiao@sina.com
收稿:2026-07-16,
修回:2026-08-19,
录用:2026-08-27,
纸质出版:2026-10-15
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汪莉娜,吴春梅,李清丰,等.小分子化合物yxx1121 通过靶向降解 CALR 抑制 EGFR/STAT3/PI3K/AKT 信号级联并激活 CASP9 通路发挥抗胃癌作用[J].陆军军医大学学报,2026,48(19):2704-2718.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202607065.
Wang L N,Wu C M,Li Q F,et al.Small-molecule compound yxx1121 exerts anti-gastric cancer effects by targeting CALR degradation to inhibit the EGFR/STAT3/PI3K/AKT signaling cascade and activate the CASP9 pathway[J].J Army Med Univ,2026,48(19):2704-2718.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202607065.
汪莉娜,吴春梅,李清丰,等.小分子化合物yxx1121 通过靶向降解 CALR 抑制 EGFR/STAT3/PI3K/AKT 信号级联并激活 CASP9 通路发挥抗胃癌作用[J].陆军军医大学学报,2026,48(19):2704-2718.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202607065. DOI:
Wang L N,Wu C M,Li Q F,et al.Small-molecule compound yxx1121 exerts anti-gastric cancer effects by targeting CALR degradation to inhibit the EGFR/STAT3/PI3K/AKT signaling cascade and activate the CASP9 pathway[J].J Army Med Univ,2026,48(19):2704-2718.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202607065. DOI:
目的
2
胃癌是全球第五大常见恶性肿瘤,我国疾病负担尤为突出。发现新的致病驱动因子及其抑制剂对推动胃癌的精准治疗至关重要。本研究拟探究在钙稳态、蛋白质折叠和免疫反应等多种细胞过程中发挥关键作用的钙网蛋白(calreticulin,CALR)在胃癌中的功能及分子机制,并筛选靶向CALR的小分子化合物,评价其抗胃癌作用。
方法
2
①通过慢病毒在胃癌细胞中敲低/过表达CALR,并通过Edu实验、流式细胞术、裸鼠移植瘤实验分析CALR在体内外对胃癌细胞增殖、凋亡及周期的影响;②通过转录组测序、RT-qPCR、Western blotting实验及流式细胞术分析CALR调控胃癌细胞增殖的机制;③通过CCK-8、SPR、分子动力学、分子对接、细胞热转移实验筛选并验证候选小分子化合物与CALR的靶向关系;④通过RT-qPCR、Western blotting、CHX、体内外实验、HE染色、血细胞及生化指标分析候选小分子化合物对CALR的降解机制、胃癌细胞增殖能力及毒性作用。
结果
2
①Edu结果显示CALR的表达显著影响胃癌细胞的增殖(
P
<
0.05),流式细胞术分析显示抑制CALR表达可显著促进胃癌细胞凋亡能力(
P
<
0.05)。②机制研究表明,CALR通过协同调节CASP9凋亡通路以及磷酸化依赖性的致癌信号级联(EGFR/STAT3/PI3K/AKT),发挥凋亡调控功能,在CALR敲低模型中,使用CASP9抑制剂可显著抑制MGC-803细胞凋亡(
P
<
0.05)及cleaved-CASP9的表达。③小分子化合物yxx1121主要通过溶酶体途径靶向CALR蛋白降解,在CALR过表达的胃癌细胞中,该抑制剂在体内外模型中均表现出低毒性且有效的增殖抑制作用(
P
<
0.05)。
结论
2
CALR在胃癌中表达上调并促进细胞增殖,其机制涉及EGFR/STAT3/PI3K/AKT信号级联及CASP9凋亡通路;新型小分子化合物yxx1121可通过溶酶体途径靶向降解CALR,抑制上述致癌信号级联,从而发挥抗胃癌作用。
Objective
2
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common malignancy worldwide
and the disease burden is particularly prominent in China. Identifying novel pathogenic drivers and their inhibitors is crucial for advancing precision treatment of GC. This study aimed to investigate the function and molecular mechanisms of calreticulin (CALR)
which plays key roles in multiple cellular processes such as calcium homeostasis
protein folding
and immune responses
in GC
and to screen small-molecule compounds targeting CALR and evaluate their anti-GC effects.
Methods
2
①CALR was knocked down or overexpressed in GC cells
via
lentivirus
and the effects of CALR on GC cell proliferation
apoptosis
and cell cycle
in vitro
and
in vivo
were analyzed by EdU assay
flow cytometry
and xenograft tumor model in nude mice; ②The mechanism by which CALR regulates the proliferation of GC cells using transcriptome sequencing
RT-qPCR
Western blotting
and flow cytometry; ③Candidate small-molecule compounds targeting CALR were screened and validated by CCK-8 assay
surface plasmon resonance (SPR)
molecular dynamics
molecular docking
and cellular thermal shift assay; ④To clarify the degradation mechanism of the candidate small-molecule compounds
its inhibitory effect on gastric cancer cell proliferation
and its toxicity were analyzed by RT-qPCR
Western blotting
cycloheximide (CHX) chase assay
in vitro
and
in vivo
experiments
HE staining
and blood cells and biochemical indicators.
Results
2
①EdU assay showed that CALR expression significantly affected the proliferation of GC cells (
P
<
0.05). Flow cytometry analysis revealed that inhibition of CALR expression significantly promoted apoptosis in GC cells (
P
<
0.05); ②Mechanistic studies demonstrated that CALR regulated apoptosis by synergistically modulating the caspase 9 (CASP9) apoptotic pathway and phosphorylation-dependent oncogenic signaling cascades (EGFR/STAT3/PI3K/AKT). In CALR-knockdown model
treatment with a CASP9 inhibitor significantly suppressed apoptosis (
P
<
0.05) and cleaved-CASP9 expression in MGC-803 cells; ③The small-molecule compound yxx1121 primarily targeted CALR protein degradation
via
the lysosomal pathway
and this inhibitor exhibited low toxicity and effective proliferation inhibition in CALR-overexpressing GC cells
in vitro
and
in vivo
(
P
<
0.05).
Conclusion
2
CALR is upregulated in gastric cancer and promotes cell proliferation
and its mechanism involves the EGFR/STAT3/PI3K/AKT signaling cascade and the CASP9 apoptotic pathway. The novel small-molecule compound yxx1121 can target CALR for degradation through the lysosomal pathway
inhibit the above oncogenic signaling cascades
and thereby exert anti-GC effects.
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