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1.陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第一附属医院,健康管理科,重庆
2.陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第一附属医院,心血管内科,代谢生物钟与心血管疾病中心,重庆
3.陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第一附属医院,老年心脑血管病教育部重点实验室,重庆
王兴鹏,E-mail:swetion@sina.cn
李华康,E-mail:lihuakang1980@tmmu.edu.cn
收稿:2026-06-28,
修回:2026-08-05,
录用:2026-08-06,
纸质出版:2026-09-30
移动端阅览
马源秋子,朱涛,陈彦秀,等.SⅠmv、SⅤ6mv、PⅤ1ms三项心电图参数联合超声心动图构建肺动脉高压筛查模型效能良好:一项病例-对照研究[J].陆军军医大学学报,2026,48(18):2622-2632.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202606107.
Ma Y Q,Zhu T,Chen Y X,et al.Combined ECG parameters (SⅠmv, SⅤ6mv, and PⅤ1ms) with transthoracic echocardiography for constructing a screening model for pulmonary arterial hypertension: a case-control study[J].J Army Med Univ,2026,48(18):2622-2632.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202606107.
马源秋子,朱涛,陈彦秀,等.SⅠmv、SⅤ6mv、PⅤ1ms三项心电图参数联合超声心动图构建肺动脉高压筛查模型效能良好:一项病例-对照研究[J].陆军军医大学学报,2026,48(18):2622-2632.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202606107. DOI:
Ma Y Q,Zhu T,Chen Y X,et al.Combined ECG parameters (SⅠmv, SⅤ6mv, and PⅤ1ms) with transthoracic echocardiography for constructing a screening model for pulmonary arterial hypertension: a case-control study[J].J Army Med Univ,2026,48(18):2622-2632.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202606107. DOI:
目的
2
肺动脉高压(pulmonary arterial hypertension, PAH)以肺血管阻力进行性升高及右心负荷加重为特征,其诊断金标准右心导管检查(right heart catheterization, RHC)为有创操作,风险较高;经胸超声心动图(transthoracic echocardiography, TTE)估测肺动脉压易受多种因素干扰。本研究联合心电图(electrocardiography, ECG)与TTE参数,构建无创筛查模型,以期提高PAH的早期检出率。
方法
2
采用病例-对照研究设计方案,纳入2014年8月1日至2021年5月31日在陆军军医大学第一附属医院心血管内科住院并行RHC的患者241例,根据其RHC的结果分为PAH组(平均肺动脉压≥20 mmHg,
n
=187)与对照组(平均肺动脉压
<
20 mmHg,
n
=54),收集患者的基线资料、临床合并疾病、血生化检查指标、心电图各项指标、TTE和RHC结果等,通过受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic, ROC)曲线筛选诊断效能高的ECG指标,联合TTE结果构建联合模型,应用统计学方法计算其诊断效能。
结果
2
在基线资料比较中,PAH组患者的年龄(
P
=0.004)、高血压病比例(
P
=0.021)、心房颤动的CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc评分(
P
<
0.001)和HAS-BLED评分(
P
<
0.001)以及BNP水平(
P
<
0.001)等均显著高于对照组。在ECG指标比较中,PAH组患者的PⅡms(
P
<
0.001)、PⅡmv(
P
<
0.001)、PⅤ1ms(
P
<
0.001)、PⅤ1mv(
P
<
0.001)、RⅤ1mv(
P
<
0.001)、RⅤ2mv(
P
=0.011)、SⅠmv(
P
<
0.001)、SⅤ6mv(
P
<
0.001)、Ⅴ1R/S(
P
<
0.001)、Ⅴ2R/S(
P
=0.002)、Ⅴ6R/S(
P
=0.044)、STⅡmv(
P
=0.028)、STⅢmv(
P
=0.007)、STavFmv(
P
=0.001)、STⅤ1mv(
P
=0.019)和STⅤ2mv(
P
=0.015)显著高于对照组。将有统计学差异的ECG指标和TTE预测肺动脉高压运用ROC曲线分析发现:SⅠmv、SⅤ6mv和PⅤ1ms的诊断效能较好,其曲线下面积(Area under the curve, AUC)值分别为0.854(95%
CI
:0.803~0.904)、0.865(95%
CI
:0.817~0.914)和0.735(95%
CI
:0.658~0.812),TTE预测结果的AUC为0.614(95%
CI
:0.534~0.694)。联合TTE结果和SⅠmv、SⅤ6mv、PⅤ1ms指标,构建联合模型,该模型AUC为0.874(95%
CI
:0.827~0.921),在特异度尽可能接近1.000(实际数据分布下取最大值)的前提下,最大化灵敏度,截断值为0.894,灵敏度为0.656、阳性预测值为1.000、阴性预测值为 0.470,相较于单一ECG指标和TTE指标的预测效能更优。
结论
2
由ECG指标(SⅠmv、SⅤ6mv、PⅤ1ms)联合TTE对PAH的预估结果所构建的无创联合模型在PAH筛查中表现出良好的效能,具有一定的临床推广价值。
Objective
2
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a cardiovascular disorder characterized by progressive elevation of pulmonary vascular resistance and increased right ventricular afterload. Right heart catheterization (RHC) currently serving as the diagnostic gold standard for PAH
is an invasive procedure with inherent risks
whereas transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is susceptible to multiple interfering factors when estimating pulmonary artery pressure (PAP). This study aims to construct a noninvasive screening model for PAH by integrating electrocardiography (ECG) and TTE parameters
thereby improving the early detection rate of PAH.
Methods
2
A retrospective case-control study was conducted on the patients hospitalized and undergoing RHC in Department of Cardiovascular Medicine of our hospital from August 1
2014 to May 31
2021. According to RHC results
the participants were divided into a PAH group (mean PAP ≥20 mmHg) and a control group (mean PAP <20 mmHg). Baseline demographic data
comorbidities
serum biochemical indicators
ECG parameters
TTE assessment of PAH and RHC findings were collected. ECG indicators with favorable diagnostic performance were screened by ROC curve analysis. A combined model was constructed by integrating ECG parameters and echocardiographic findings
and corresponding statistical analyses were performed to evaluate its diagnostic efficacy.
Results
2
Regarding baseline characteristics
the PAH group exhibited significantly advanced age (
P
=0.004)
higher proportion of hypertension (
P
=0.021)
increased CHA₂DS₂-VASc score (
P
<
0.0
01) and HAS-BLED score (P
<
0.001) for atrial fibrillation
and elevated b-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) level (
P
<
0.001) than the control group. For ECG parameters
obviously higher values of PⅡms (
P
<
0.001)
PⅡmv
(
P
<
0.001)
PⅤ1ms (
P
<
0.001)
PⅤ1mv (
P
<
0.001)
RⅤ1mv (
P
<
0.001)
RⅤ2mv (
P
=0.011)
SⅠmv (
P
<
0.001)
SⅤ6mv (
P
<
0.001)
Ⅴ1R/S (
P
<
0.001)
Ⅴ2R/S (
P
=0.002)
Ⅴ6R/S (
P
=0.044)
STⅡmv (
P
=0.028)
STⅢmv (
P
=0.007)
STavFmv (
P
=0.001)
STⅤ1mv (
P
=0.019) and STⅤ2mv (
P
=0.015) were observed in the PAH group than the control group. ROC curve analysis on the statistically significant ECG parameters and TTE for PAH prediction revealed that SⅠmv
SⅤ6mv and PⅤ1ms exhibited favorable diagnostic efficacy
with AUC values of 0.854 (95%
CI
: 0.803 to 0.904)
0.865 (95%
CI
: 0.817 to 0.914) and 0.739 (95%
CI
: 0.658 to 0.812)
respectively
while TTE yielded an AUC value of 0.614 (95%
CI
: 0.534 to 0.694) for predicting PAH. The combined model constructed by integrating TTE results with SⅠmv
SⅤ6mv
and PⅤ1ms yielded an AUC value of 0.874 (95%
CI
: 0.827 to 0.921). Under the premise of the specificity approaching 100% (maximized within the actual data distribution)
the sensitivity was maximized at a cutoff value of 0.894
with a sensitivity of 0.656
a positive predictive value of 1.000
and a negative predictive value of 0.470
demonstrating superior predictive efficacy over any single ECG or TTE parameter.
Conclusion
2
The non-invasive model constructed based on ECG parameters (SⅠmv
SⅤ6mv
and PⅤ1ms) integrated with TTE estimation for PAH presents good screening performance for PAH
and has certain value for clinical promotion.
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