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陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)大坪医院消化内科,重庆
陈东风,博士,教授,主任医师,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为脂肪性肝病与肠道微生态。兼任中华医学会消化病分会委员、中华医学会消化病学分会消化影像协作组组长、重庆市医学会消化病学分会荣誉主任委员等学术职务。获全军育才“银奖”,陆军军医大学“教学明星”。承担国家自然科学基金等课题共10余项。在Gastroenterology等杂志发表论文100余篇,获重庆市科技进步二等奖。E-mail:chendf1981@126.com
收稿:2026-05-13,
修回:2026-05-20,
录用:2026-06-03,
纸质出版:2026-07-15
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陈东风,邱竹箐.炎症性肠病的“多维”诊断思维与个体化治疗武器[J].陆军军医大学学报,2026,48(13):1801-1808.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202605034.
CHEN D F,QIU Z Q.A “multidimensional” diagnostic mindset and individualized therapeutic armamentarium for inflammatory bowel disease[J].J Army Med Univ,2026,48(13):1801-1808.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202605034.
陈东风,邱竹箐.炎症性肠病的“多维”诊断思维与个体化治疗武器[J].陆军军医大学学报,2026,48(13):1801-1808.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202605034. DOI:
CHEN D F,QIU Z Q.A “multidimensional” diagnostic mindset and individualized therapeutic armamentarium for inflammatory bowel disease[J].J Army Med Univ,2026,48(13):1801-1808.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202605034. DOI:
炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)病因复杂、临床表现异质性强,早期鉴别诊断困难,内镜与影像评估标准未完全统一,生物标志物敏感性与特异性不足,治疗反应预测体系不完善,患者依从性差,给临床精准诊断与个体化治疗带来显著挑战。近年来IBD发病率在全球及我国持续上升,且诊断延迟普遍存在,亟需系统性的诊治策略。其诊断的关键环节:①筛查高危人群(15~35岁及60~75岁发病、一级亲属史、持续腹泻便血、肛周病变等),尽早启动结肠镜及影像评估;②梳理腹泻、腹痛、消耗三大核心临床表现,识别肠外表现[关节炎、结节性红斑、原发性硬化性胆管炎(primary sclerosing cholangitis,PSC)等]及特殊表现(肛瘘、阑尾切除术后不缓解等);③影像学评估应从肠管、系膜缘血管、系膜淋巴结3个维度建立逻辑思维链条,CT小肠造影与肠道超声各具优势;④鉴别诊断需系统排除肠结核、缺血性肠病、药物性肠病及罕见免疫遗传性疾病,整合流行病学、血清标志物、内镜动态演变及精准病理等多方面信息。治疗层面:①强调“达标治疗”理念,治疗目标从症状缓解转向黏膜愈合乃至组织学愈合。药物选择需综合疾病表型、生物标志物、内镜活动度及患者特征实现个体化。美沙拉嗪为轻中度溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis, UC)一线用药;糖皮质激素仅作急性期“桥梁”;生物制剂(抗TNF-α、抗整合素、抗IL-12/23)针对中重度患者;JAK抑制剂与鞘氨醇-1-磷酸受体(sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor,S1PR)调节剂为小分子精准选择。特殊人群管理需精准平衡疗效与风险,妊娠期优选维得利珠单抗,老年患者慎用激素及JAK抑制剂,合并乙肝或结核潜伏感染需前置抗病毒或抗结核治疗。②对疑难及困难型IBD的治疗,提出了从表型驱动到多组学分子分型的范式革新,AI辅助胶囊内镜、血浆游离DNA(cell-free DNA,cfDNA)甲基化谱等动态无创监测技术,以及多学科协作综合管理模式。IBD本质是系统性免疫紊乱,诊治需把握临床线索、影像学三维度(肠管、系膜缘血管、系膜淋巴结)研判,诊治应贯彻早诊断、个体化、精准化及全疾病周期管理的理念,从缓解症状逐渐转向黏膜愈合与组织学愈合,提升患者的生活质量。
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by complex etiology and highly heterogeneous manifestations
which poses significant challenges to precise diagnosis and individualized therapy due to difficulties in early differential diagnosis
incomplete standardization of endoscopic and imaging criteria
insufficient sensitivity and specificity of biomarkers
imperfect predictive systems for treatment response
and poor patient adherence. In recent years
the incidence of IBD has continued to rise both globally and in China
with diagnostic delay being common
necessitating the urgent development of systematic diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The critical steps in diagnosis are as follows: ① screening high-risk populations (age at onset of 15 to 35 years or 60 to 75 years
family history in first-degree relatives
persistent diarrhea with hematochezia
perianal lesions
etc.
)
and initiating colonoscopy and imaging assessment as early as possible; ② elucidating the three core manifestations—diarrhea
abdominal pain
and wasting
—while recognizing extraintestinal manifestations [arthritis
erythema nodosum
primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)
etc.
]
and special presentations (anal fistulas
failure to improve after appendectomy
etc.
); ③ establishing a logical chain of imaging assessment from 3 dimensions: the bowel wall
mesenteric marginal vessels
and mesenteric lymph nodes
with computed tomography enterography (CTE) and intestinal ultrasound each offering distinct advantages; ④ systematically excluding intestinal tuberculosis
ischemic bowel disease
drug-induced enteropathy
and rare inherited immune disorders in differential diagnosis
integrating information from epidemiology
serum biomarkers
dynamic endoscopic evolution
and precise histopathology. In terms of treatment: ① emphasizing the “treat-to-target” paradigm
with therapeutic goals shifting from symptom relief to mucosal healing and even to histological healing. Drug selection should be individualized based on disease phenotype
biomarkers
endoscopic activity
and patient characteristics. Mesalazine serves as first-line therapy for mild-to-moderate UC; corticosteroids are used only as a “bridge” in the acute phase; biologics (anti-TNF-α
anti-integrin
anti-IL-12/23) are indicated for moderate-to-severe patients; JAK inhibitors and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) modulators represent small-molecule precision options. Management of special populations requires a precise balance between efficacy and risk
with vedolizumab preferred during pregnancy
cautious use of corticosteroids and JAK inhibitors in elderly patients
and prerequisite antiviral or anti-tuberculosis therapy for patients with concurrent hepatitis B or latent tuberculosis infection. ② For difficult-to-treat and refractory IBD
a paradigm shift from phenotype-driven to multi-omics molecular subtyping is proposed
along with dynamic non-invasive monitoring technologies such as AI-assisted capsule endoscopy and plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) methylation profiling
and integrated manag
ement model of multidisciplinary team (MDT). IBD is essentially a systemic immune disorder; diagnosis and treatment require grasping clinical clues and evaluating the 3 imaging dimensions (bowel wall
mesenteric vessels and lymph nodes). The principles of “early diagnosis”
“individualized precision therapy”
and “whole-disease-cycle management” should be implemented in diagnosis and treatment of IBD
gradually shifting from symptom relief toward mucosal and histological healing
thereby improving patients’ quality of life.
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