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1.陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第一附属医院乳腺甲状腺外科,重庆
2.重庆市卫健委乳腺癌微创精准诊疗重点实验室,重庆
王明浩:E-mail: minghaowang_swh@163.com
姜军:E-mail: jcbd@medmail.com.cn
收稿:2026-02-11,
修回:2026-04-26,
录用:2026-05-04,
纸质出版:2026-09-30
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罗可非,潘沁汶,王明浩,等.槐耳多糖通过调控JAK1/STAT3/CCL2轴减少瘤内髓源性抑制细胞募集以抑制三阴性乳腺癌进展[J].陆军军医大学学报,2026,48(18):2549-2560.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202602064.
Luo K F,Pan Q W,Wang M H,et al.Polysaccharide of Trametes robiniophila Murr inhibits the recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells by modulating the JAK1/STAT3/CCL2 axis to suppress triple-negative breast cancer progression[J].J Army Med Univ,2026,48(18):2549-2560.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202602064.
罗可非,潘沁汶,王明浩,等.槐耳多糖通过调控JAK1/STAT3/CCL2轴减少瘤内髓源性抑制细胞募集以抑制三阴性乳腺癌进展[J].陆军军医大学学报,2026,48(18):2549-2560.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202602064. DOI:
Luo K F,Pan Q W,Wang M H,et al.Polysaccharide of Trametes robiniophila Murr inhibits the recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells by modulating the JAK1/STAT3/CCL2 axis to suppress triple-negative breast cancer progression[J].J Army Med Univ,2026,48(18):2549-2560.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202602064. DOI:
目的
2
髓源性抑制细胞(myeloid-derived suppressor cells,MDSCs)常在三阴性乳腺癌(triple negative breast carcinoma,TNBC)免疫微环境中过度募集形成免疫抑制屏障,致其对现有的免疫治疗响应率低。本研究旨在验证槐耳多糖(polysaccharide of trametes robiniophila murr,PS-T)对三阴性乳腺癌免疫微环境的影响及其通过抑制JAK1/STAT3/CCL2轴抑制MDSCs募集的分子机制。
方法
2
用36只6~8周、体质量18~20 g雌性Balb/c小鼠构建三阴性乳腺癌移植瘤模型,将小鼠随机分成(
n
=6):PS-T(以含3 mg PS-T2灌胃)组,对照(以等渗氯化钠溶液灌胃)组。自接种第5、7、9、11、13、15、17、19、21天测量肿瘤体积,并在第21天剖取小鼠肿瘤组织并拍照记录;将肿瘤组织切片及制成单细胞悬液,行免疫组化染色和流式细胞术检测组织中MDSCs及T细胞的浸润情况。GO及KEGG富集分析RNA测序数据,探索PS-T影响三阴性乳腺癌中MDSCs的相关信号通路。RT-qPCR、Western blot及免疫组化染色检测
JAK1、STAT3
及
CCL2
的表达情况,Transwell共培养反向验证PS-T抑制通过抑制CCL2的分泌从而抑制MD
SCs的募集。构建JAK1敲低细胞系,Western blot及ELISA检测敲低JAK1后槐耳多糖对磷酸化STAT3及CCL2的影响。
结果
2
①与对照组相比,PS-T显著抑制三阴性乳腺癌生长(
P
=0.003)并重塑免疫微环境。流式细胞术显示PS-T组的瘤内CD8
+
T细胞比例增加(
P
=0.002),免疫组化证实PS-T上调瘤内CD8阳性细胞的数量(
P
=0.003)。②单细胞RNA测序显示PS-T治疗后瘤体内的T细胞浸润从3.6%增加至9.33%,而MDSCs细胞数量则从15.64%降至0.17%,免疫组化显示CD11b阳性细胞数量减少(
P
=0.008)。流式细胞术显示PS-T显著减少CD45
+
CD11b
+
Ly6G
+
Ly6C
Low
的比例(
P
=0.012)。③GO及KEGG富集发现,2组小鼠肿瘤组织的差异基因显著富集于细胞因子相关通路及JAK/STAT信号通路, RT-qPCR及Western blot实验发现PS-T处理后4T-1细胞内CCL2的mRNA及蛋白表达水平下降(
P
<
0.001),免疫组化结果显示PS-T治疗后肿瘤组织中CCL2的免疫组化评分下降(
P
=0.001)。流式分选得到的MDSCs与4T-1细胞共培养,显示加入MK-0821拮抗MDSCs中的CCR2受体后, PS-T处理组下室募集的MDSCs数量增加(
P
<
0.01)。④免疫组化及Western blot实验均提示PS-T处理后肿瘤组织及4T-1细胞内p-STAT3的表达水平下降,但STAT3的总蛋白水平无变化。⑤Western blot实验发现PS-T处理后4T-1细胞内STAT3的磷酸化酶JAK1的蛋白水平下降(
P
=0.003),而敲低4T-1中的JAK1后,Western blot及ELISA结果显示PS-T处理组4T-1细胞表达p-STAT3及CCL2的水平增加。
结论
2
本研究证实PS-T通过抑制TNBC肿瘤细胞中的JAK1/STAT3/CCL2信号通路,进而抑制瘤内MDSCs的募集,重塑免疫抑制微环境,发挥抗肿瘤作用。
Objective
2
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are frequently over-recruited in the immune microenvironment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)
forming an immunosuppressive barrier that contributes to the poor response rates to existing immunotherapies. This study aims to investigate the effects of polysaccharide of
Trametes robiniophila
Murr (PS-T) on the immune microenvironment in TNBC and clarifying the underlying molecular mechanism by which PS-T inhibits MDSC recruitment through suppression of the JAK1/STAT3/CCL2 axis.
Methods
2
TNBC xenograft model was established in 36 female BALB/c mice (6 to 8 weeks
weighing 18 to 20 g). Mice were randomly divided into 2 groups (
n
=6) for intragastric administration: PS-T group (100 μL
solution containing 3 mg of PS-T) and control group (100 μL isotonic sodium chloride solution). Tumor volume was measured on days 5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
and 21 post-inoculation. On day 21
tumor tissues were harvested and photographed
and then processed into single-cell suspensions and tissue sections for flow cytometry and immunohistochemical staining to evaluate the infiltration of MDSCs and T cells. RNA sequencing data were analyzed using GO and KEGG enrichment analyses to identify signaling pathways involved in the PS-T-mediated MDSC regulation in TNBC. RT-qPCR
Western Blot
and immunohistochemical staining were used to detect JAK1
STAT3
and CCL2 expression. Transwell co-culture assay was performed to verify that PS-T inhibits MDSCs recruitment by suppressing CCL2 secretion. JAK1-knockdown 4T-1 cell line was constructed
and Western blot and ELISA were used to assess the effects of JAK1 knockdown on PS-T-mediated inhibition of phosphorylated STAT3 and CCL2.
Results
2
① Compared with the control group
PS-T significantly inhibited the growth of TNBC (
P
=0.003) and remodeled the immune microenvironment. Flow cytometry showed that the proportion of intratumoral CD8⁺ T cells was increased in the PS-T group (
P
=0.002)
which was confirmed by immunohistochemistry demonstrating elevated numbers of intratumoral CD8⁺ T cells (
P
=0.003). ② Single-cell RNA sequencing of the immune cell composition in tumor tissues from TNBC-bearing mice revealed that PS-T treatment increased CD8⁺ T cell infiltration from 3.6% to 9.33%
while markedly reducing the proportion of MDSCs from 15.64% to 0.17%. Immunohistochemical staining further showed a significant decrease in the number of CD11b⁺ cells in the PS-T group (
P
=0.008). Flow cytometric analysis of MDSC subsets indicated that PS-T significantly reduced the proportion of PMN-MDSCs (gated as CD45⁺CD11b⁺Ly6G⁺Ly6C
low
cells) (
P
=0.012). ③ GO and KEGG enric
hment analyses of differentially expressed genes between the control and PS-T groups revealed significant enrichment in cytokine-related pathways and the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. RT-qPCR and Western blot assays demonstrated that PS-T significantly downregulated the mRNA and protein levels of CCL2 in 4T-1 cells (
P
<
0.001)
which was further confirmed by immunohistochemistry showing reduced CCL2 expression in vivo (
P
<
0.001). Co-culture of flow cytometry-sorted MDSCs with 4T-1 cells in Transwell chambers in the presence of MK-0821
an antagonist of the CCR2 receptor
attenuated the PS-T-mediated inhibition of MDSC recruitment to the lower chamber (
P
<
0.01). ④ Both immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses demonstrated that PS-T inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT3 (p-STAT3) without altering the total STAT3 protein level. ⑤ Western blot analysis showed that PS-T reduced the protein level of JAK1
the kinase responsible for STAT3 phosphorylation(
P
=0.003). Knockdown of JAK1 in 4T-1 cells abrogated the inhibitory effects of PS-T on p-STAT3 and CCL2 expression
as verified by both Western blot and ELISA assays.
Conclusion
2
PS-T suppresses intratumoral MDSC recruitment by inhibiting the JAK1/STAT3/CCL2 signaling pathway in TNBC tumor cells
thereby remodeling the immunosuppressive microenvironment and exerting anti-tumor effects. These findings provide novel theoretical support for the application of PS-T in combination immunotherapy for TNBC.
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