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陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第一附属医院乳腺甲状腺外科,重庆市卫生健康委员会乳腺癌微创与精准诊疗重点实验室,重庆
张毅,教授,主任医师,博士研究生导师,重庆市卫健委乳腺癌微创外科及精准诊疗重点实验室主任,“重庆英才·创新创业领军人才”。主要从事乳腺癌的临床和基础研究。主持国家及省部级重点课题等10余项;在JAMA Surgery、JCI和Neuron等期刊发表论文70余篇;副主编及参编专著6部;获国家发明专利授权10项;作为第一完成人获重庆市科技进步一等奖1项,华夏医学科技奖二等奖1项;作为主要完成人获重庆科技进步一等奖1项,军队医疗成果奖一等奖1项,中华医学奖一等奖1项,军队医疗成果奖二等奖1项,中华医学奖三等奖1项。E-mail:yzhang@tmmu.edu.cn
收稿:2026-01-10,
修回:2026-02-02,
纸质出版:2026-03-30
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张毅,熊斯怡.神经系统调控肿瘤:从环路机制到靶向干预的交叉前沿[J].陆军军医大学学报,2026,48(06):663-669.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202601070.
ZHANG Y,XIONG S Y.Neurological regulation of tumors: An interdisciplinary frontier from circuit mechanisms to targeted intervention[J].J Army Med Univ,2026,48(06):663-669.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202601070.
张毅,熊斯怡.神经系统调控肿瘤:从环路机制到靶向干预的交叉前沿[J].陆军军医大学学报,2026,48(06):663-669.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202601070. DOI:
ZHANG Y,XIONG S Y.Neurological regulation of tumors: An interdisciplinary frontier from circuit mechanisms to targeted intervention[J].J Army Med Univ,2026,48(06):663-669.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202601070. DOI:
传统肿瘤学研究长期聚焦于遗传、免疫与血管机制。近年来,随着多学科深度交叉,“癌症神经科学”迅速崛起,成为揭示肿瘤发生发展机制的前沿领域。本文系统梳理了神经-肿瘤互作的研究脉络:从早期观察到的肿瘤神经浸润现象,到近年突破性发现——神经系统通过多种机制主动调控肿瘤进程。在颅内肿瘤中,胶质瘤细胞可与神经元形成功能性突触,“劫持”谷氨酸等神经信号以驱动自身增殖;在外周实体瘤中,大脑特定神经环路(如杏仁核-交感神经通路)能够远程调控乳腺癌等进展;同时,交感、副交感和感觉神经通过释放去甲肾上腺素、乙酰胆碱、降钙素基因相关肽(calcitonin gene-related peptide
CGRP)等递质与神经肽,直接作用于肿瘤细胞或通过重塑免疫微环境影响肿瘤演进。这些发现共同构成了“神经-免疫-肿瘤”调控轴,为理解肿瘤生物学提供了全新视角。结合本课题组既往工作,我们认为:神经系统是肿瘤微环境中不可或缺的活跃组分,通过电信号、化学递质及神经环路等多层次方式,广泛参与肿瘤发生、发展、转移及免疫调节。靶向神经-肿瘤互作(如应用β受体阻滞剂、调控特定神经环路等)已展现出协同现有疗法的显著转化潜力。本述评通过整合该领域关键进展,系统阐述了从基础发现到临床探索的转化路径,剖析了当前面临的技术与临床挑战,并对跨学科合作与精准干预的未来方向进行展望,从而为深化理解肿瘤系统性调控机制、开拓神经靶向治疗新策略提供理论参考与框架指引。
Traditional oncology research has long focused on genetic
immunological
and vascular mechanisms. In recent years
with the deepening interdisciplinary convergence
“cancer neuroscience” has rapidly emerged as a cutting-edge field for deciphering the mechanisms of tumor initiation and progression. In this article
we systematically review the research trajectory of neural-tumor interactions: from the early observations of neural infiltration within tumors to recent breakthroughs revealing that the nervous system actively regulates tumor processes through multiple mechanisms. In intracranial tumors
glioma cells can form functional synapses with neurons
"hijacking" neural signals such as glutamate to drive their own proliferation. In peripheral solid tumors
specific brain circuits (
e.g.
the amygdala-sympathetic nerve pathway) can remotely regulate the progression of cancers such as breast cancer; meanwhile
sympathetic
parasympathetic
and sensory nerves directly act on tumor cells or reshape the immune microenvironment through releasing neurotransmitters and neuropeptides
such as norepinephrine
acetylcholine
and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)
thereby influencing tumor evolution. These findings collectively constitute a "neuro-immune-tumor" regulatory axis
providing a novel perspective for understanding tumor biology. Building upon our group's previous work
we propose that the nervous system represents an indispensable and active component of the tumor microenvironment
extensively participating in tumor initiation
progression
metastasis
and immune regulation through multi-level mechanisms involving electrical signals
chemical neurotransmitters
and neural circuits. Targeting neural-tumor interactions (
e.g.
using β-blockers or modulating specific neural circuits) has already demonstrated significant translational potential for synergizing with existing therapies. Through integrating key advances in this field
we systematically elaborate the translational pathway from basic discoveries to clinical exploration
analyze current technical and clinical challenges
and prospect a forward-looking perspective on interdisciplinary collaboration and precision intervention
thereby
providing theoretical reference and framework for deepening the understanding of systemic tumor regulation and developing novel neuro-targeted therapeutic strategies.
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