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山东大学生命科学学院,山东青岛
王德华,博士,教授,博士生导师。兼任国际生理学联合会(IUPS)比较生理学委员会委员、中国生理学会比较生理学委员会主任委员、中国动物学会动物生理生态学分会主任委员、《兽类学报》责任主编、Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology (A-D)、Journal of Comparative Physiology B 等期刊编委。主要从事野生动物的能量代谢与体温调节、行为学与生理学基础、肠道菌群与生理功能等方面的研究。E-mail: dehuawang@sdu.edu.cn
收稿:2025-11-01,
修回:2025-12-03,
录用:2025-12-15,
纸质出版:2026-01-15
移动端阅览
王德华,郭娜.高原哺乳动物对低氧与寒冷环境的生理适应:从器官系统到宿主-微生物协同共生[J].陆军军医大学学报,2026,48(01):1-14.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202511066.
WANG D H,GUO N.Physiological adaptation of plateau mammals to hypoxia and cold: From organ systems to host-microbiome collaborative symbiosis[J].J Army Med Univ,2026,48(01):1-14.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202511066.
王德华,郭娜.高原哺乳动物对低氧与寒冷环境的生理适应:从器官系统到宿主-微生物协同共生[J].陆军军医大学学报,2026,48(01):1-14.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202511066. DOI:
WANG D H,GUO N.Physiological adaptation of plateau mammals to hypoxia and cold: From organ systems to host-microbiome collaborative symbiosis[J].J Army Med Univ,2026,48(01):1-14.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202511066. DOI:
动物主要通过形态结构、行为和生理调节等方面适应环境的变化。高寒、低氧及季节性资源匮乏等环境因素对于动物的生存产生巨大的挑战。尤其是如何在低氧限制能量供给的条件下,满足寒冷环境带来的高产热需求,是高原动物面临的核心生存难题。哺乳动物对高原和寒冷环境的生理适应,主要包括呼吸系统和血液循环系统、能量代谢和体温调节、遗传和分子适应、肠道微生物的作用等方面。本文重点阐述了动物如何通过氧气传输链的结构与功能优化以提升摄氧效率,通过基础代谢率与最大代谢率的权衡及多途径产热机制来维持能量稳态,低氧适应的分子遗传基础以及肠道微生态在辅助宿主适应中的协同作用。动物对高原和寒冷环境的生理适应不仅对于人类高原环境适应具有重要启发作用,而且对于推动高原医学发展和防治代谢性疾病等人类健康问题具有重要意义。
Animals primarily adapt to environmental changes through morphological
behavioral and physiological adjustments. Environmental factors
such as hypoxia
cold
and seasonal resource scarcity
pose significant challenges to animal survival. How to live in a cold and hypoxic environment with limited energy supply is a core survival challenge faced by the high-altitude animals. For mammals
the strategies of physiological adaptations to high-altitude and cold environments mainly included the respiratory and circulatory systems
energy metabolism and thermogenesis
genetic and molecular adaptations
and gut microbiota. In this article
we highlight how animals optimize the morphological changes in structure and function of the oxygen transport chain to enhance oxygen uptake efficiency
how animals maintain energy homeostasis through trade-offs between basal and maximum metabolic rates and thermogenic mechanisms
as well as the molecular genetic basis of hypoxia adaptation and the synergistic role of gut microbiota in aiding host adaptation. The mechanisms of physiological adaptation to high-altitude and cold environments for mammals can offer valuable insights for human adaptation to these environments
which are of great significance for advancing high-altitude medicine and addressing public health issues such as metabolic diseases.
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