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1.陆军军医大学(第三军医大学),药学与检验医学系,重庆
2.陆军军医大学(第三军医大学),第一附属医院药剂科,重庆
李 飏,E-mail: liyang871419@163.com
邹全明,E-mail: qmzou2007@163.com
收稿:2025-11-04,
修回:2026-01-09,
录用:2026-01-16,
纸质出版:2026-02-28
移动端阅览
罗明星,廖睿,关山,等.通过系统性阳离子材料筛选优化牛奶外泌体载体以实现mRNA的高效肺部靶向递送[J].陆军军医大学学报,2026,48(04):407-419.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202511021.
LUO M X,LIAO R,GUAN S,et al.Optimizing milk-derived exosome carriers through systematic cationic material screening for efficient pulmonary-targeted mRNA delivery[J].J Army Med Univ,2026,48(04):407-419.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202511021.
罗明星,廖睿,关山,等.通过系统性阳离子材料筛选优化牛奶外泌体载体以实现mRNA的高效肺部靶向递送[J].陆军军医大学学报,2026,48(04):407-419.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202511021. DOI:
LUO M X,LIAO R,GUAN S,et al.Optimizing milk-derived exosome carriers through systematic cationic material screening for efficient pulmonary-targeted mRNA delivery[J].J Army Med Univ,2026,48(04):407-419.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202511021. DOI:
目的
2
通过系统性筛选阳离子修饰材料,旨在构建一种工程化的牛奶来源外泌体(milk-derived exosome, mExos)载体,以实现信使核糖核酸(messenger RNA, mRNA)在呼吸道内的高效递送。
方法
2
采用超速离心法提取mExos,并通过电穿孔法将体外转录的萤火虫荧光素酶(firefly luciferase, Fluc)或增强型绿色荧光蛋白(enhanced green fluorescent protein, EGFP)mRNA负载于mExos中。使用壳聚糖(chitosan, CS)、聚乙烯亚胺(polyethylenimine, PEI)、聚(β-氨基酯)[poly (β-amino ester), PBAE]、阳离子脂质(1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane chloride, DOTAP)及鱼精蛋白分别对负载mRNA的mExos进行修饰。采用动态光散射、纳米颗粒追踪分析、流式细胞术、荧光素酶报告基因检测等方法系统评价各修饰载体的的粒径、电位、胶体稳定性、细胞摄取、mRNA转染效率及细胞毒性。选用50只6~8周龄雌性BALB/c小鼠(体质量约20 g),经鼻内滴注染料标记或负载Fluc-mRNA的制剂,采用小动物活体成像系统观察制剂在其体内分布与肺部转染情况,并于给药24 h后取主要器官进行组织病理学和血清生化分析。
结果
2
成功构建了系列阳离子修饰mExos。经筛选,壳聚糖修饰的mExos(Chitosan-modified milk exosomes, CS-mExos)在保持合适粒径和良好稳定性(48 h内PDI无显著变化)的前提下,其表面电位发生了反转。体外实验显示,CS-mExos在16HBE和A549细胞中的摄取效率分别较未修饰mExos提高2.56倍(
P<
0.001)和4.56倍(
P<
0.001),并显著提升Fluc-mRNA的转染效率达28.9倍(
P<
0.001)和26.5倍(
P<
0.001),且无明显细胞毒性(细胞活力
>
95%)。活体成像表明,CS-mExos经鼻给药后可特异性富集于肺部并长效滞留至少72 h,且介导的Fluc表达在给药后6 h达峰值,强度为mExos组的9.5倍。组织病理学与血清生化分析显示,CS-mExos未引起明显脏器损伤或肝功能、肾功能指标异常。
结论
2
通过系统性筛选,确定CS为优化mExos的mRNA递送性能的最佳阳离子修饰材料。基于此构建的CS-mExos载体能高效靶向递送mRNA至呼吸道,显著提升肺部转染效率并具备良好生物安全性。
Objective To construct an engineered milk-derived exosome (mExos) vector for efficient messenger RNA (mRNA) delivery to the respiratory tract by systematically screening cationic modification materials.
Methods
2
mExos were isolated
via
ultracentrifugation
followed by electroporation-mediat
ed loading of firefly luciferase (Fluc) or enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) mRNA. Chitosan (CS)
polyethyleneimine (PEI)
poly(beta-amino ester) (PBAE)
cationic lipid (DOTAP)
and protamine were used to modify mRNA-loaded mExos. Dynamic light scattering
nanoparticle tracking analysis
flow cytometry and luciferase reporter assay were employed to evaluate particle size
zeta potential
colloidal stability
cellular uptake
transfection efficiency
and cytotoxicity. Fifty female BALB/c mice (6 to 8 weeks
about 20 g) received intranasal administration of dye-labeled or Fluc-mRNA-loaded formulations.
In vivo
distribution and pulmonary transfection kinetics were monitored by IVIS imaging
while histopathology and serum biochemistry of major organs were analyzed at 24 h post-administration.
Results
2
Cationic-modified mExos were successfully constructed. CS-modified mExos (CS-mExos) demonstrated surface charge reversal while maintaining optimal size and stability (PDI unchanged within 48 h).
In vitro
CS-mExos enhanced cellular uptake in 16HBE and A549 cells by 2.56-fold (
P
<
0.001) and 4.56-fold (
P
<
0.001)
respectively
and increased Fluc-mRNA transfection efficiency by 28.9-fold (
P
<
0.001) and 26.5-fold (
P
<
0.001) versus unmodified mExos
with
>
95% cell viability.
In vivo
imaging revealed CS-mExos specifically accumulated in the lungs with sustained retention
>
72 h
mediating 9.5-fold higher peak Fluc-mRNA expression at 6 h post-administration. Histopathology and serum biochemistry confirmed no significant organ damage or abnormal hepatic/renal indices.
Conclusion
2
Systematic screening identified chitosan as the optimal cationic material for engineering milk exosomes. The developed CS-mExos vector enables efficient targeted mRNA delivery to the respiratory tract with enhanced pulmonary transfection and favorable biosafety.
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