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1.陆军军医大学(第三军医大学):,第一附属医院生殖医学中心,重庆
2.陆军军医大学(第三军医大学):,基础医学院免疫学教研室,重庆
曾继涛, E-mail:jitaozeng@tmmu.edu.cn
收稿:2025-10-26,
修回:2025-11-28,
录用:2025-11-28,
纸质出版:2025-12-15
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孟丹,何畏,曾继涛.缺氧通过驱动M1巨噬细胞极化诱发睾丸间质细胞溶酶体依赖性死亡导致生精功能受损[J].陆军军医大学学报,2025,47(23):2893-2902.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202510077.
MENG D,HE W,ZENG J T.Hypoxia drives spermatogenic impairment by triggering lysosome-dependent death of Leydig cells via M1 macrophage polarization[J].J Army Med Univ,2025,47(23):2893-2902.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202510077.
孟丹,何畏,曾继涛.缺氧通过驱动M1巨噬细胞极化诱发睾丸间质细胞溶酶体依赖性死亡导致生精功能受损[J].陆军军医大学学报,2025,47(23):2893-2902.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202510077. DOI:
MENG D,HE W,ZENG J T.Hypoxia drives spermatogenic impairment by triggering lysosome-dependent death of Leydig cells via M1 macrophage polarization[J].J Army Med Univ,2025,47(23):2893-2902.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202510077. DOI:
目的
2
探究缺氧通过驱动M1型巨噬细胞极化,进而诱发睾丸间质细胞溶酶体依赖性细胞死亡(lysosome-dependent cell death,LDCD)在生精功能障碍中的关键作用。
方法
2
将10只8周龄雄性SD大鼠(体质量220~250 g)按照完全随机设计,分为常氧组(
n
=5)与缺氧组(
n
=5),分别置于常氧饲养环境和模拟5 000 m海拔的低压低氧环境暴露4周以构建缺氧动物模型。采用1%O₂低氧工作站处理TM3(小鼠睾丸间质细胞)2 d以构建缺氧细胞模型,并建立RAW 264.7巨噬细胞与TM3细胞的Transwell共培养体系。采用睾丸组织HE染色进行病理形态学分析并计算生精细胞数量/生精小管面积;通过ELISA方法(以BCA法标化)检测睾丸组织睾酮含量;利用免疫荧光染色定量睾丸组织间质细胞(CYP11A1⁺)数量和M1型巨噬细胞(CD68⁺/CD86⁺)与细胞玻片中M1型巨噬细胞(iNOS⁺)极化;应用公共数据库(PRJNA926018)的单细胞转录组测序(scRNA-seq)数据与基因集富集分析(Gene Set Enrichment Analysis,GSEA)筛选间质细胞中的程序性死亡方式;借助LysoTracker探针与组织蛋白酶B(cathepsin B, CTSB)免疫荧光染色评估TM3细胞溶酶体完整性及通透性。
结果
2
在体实验发现缺氧状态显著降低大鼠睾丸生精小管中生精细胞数量(
P
<
0.01)及睾酮含量(
P
<
0.01),伴随间质细胞(CYP11A1
+
)数量减少(
P
<
0.01)。scRNA-seq揭示缺氧条件下长形精子细胞、间质细胞、支持细胞比例显著减少(
P
<
0.01),然而精母细胞和精原细胞比例显著上调(
P
<
0.01),并且间质细胞中LDCD通路显著富集(
P
=0.002 7)。除此之外,缺氧环境可诱导M1型巨噬细胞浸润(CD68
+
/CD86
+
)睾丸,并且缺氧也能促进RAW 264.7细胞中iNOS
+
表达(
P
<
0.01)。体外Transwell共培养实验提示单独缺氧不影响TM3细胞溶酶体膜稳定性,而与缺氧处理的RAW 264.7细胞共培养加剧溶酶体通透性。
结论
2
缺氧可能是通过驱动M1型巨噬细胞极化,进而诱发睾丸间质细胞溶酶体依赖性细胞死亡,最终导致睾酮合成减少与生精功能障碍。
Objective
2
To investigate the critical role of hypoxia in impairing spermatogenesis
via
M1 macrophage polarization and subsequent induction of lysosome-dependent cell death (LDCD) in Leydig cells.
Methods
2
Ten eight-week-old male SD rats (weight 220~250 g) were randomly divided into normoxia (
n
=5) and hypoxia groups (
n
=5). Hypoxic models were established by housing rats in hypoxic chambers simulating 5 000 m altitude for 4 weeks. TM3 mouse Leydig cells underwent 1% O
2
exposure for 2 d. A transwell co-culture system integrated RAW 264.7 macrophages and TM3 cells. Testicular histopathology was evaluated
via
HE staining (spermatogenic cells/tubular area). Testosterone levels were quantified by ELISA (BCA-quantified). Immunofluorescence assessed Leydig cells (CYP11A1
+
)
M1 macrophages (CD68
+
/CD86
+
in tissue; iNOS
+
in cells)
and lysosomal integrity (LysoTracker/CTSB staining). Single-cell RNA-seq data (PRJNA926018) with GSEA identified programmed cell death pathways.
Results
2
Hypoxia significantly reduced spermatogenic cell density (
P
<
0.01)
testosterone levels (
P
<
0.01)
and Leydig cell counts (
P
<
0.01). scRNA-seq revealed decreased proportions of elongated spermatids
Leydig cells
and sertoli cells (
P
<
0.01)
but increased spermatocytes/spermatogonia (
P
<
0.01)
with significant LDCD enrichment in Leydig cells (
P
=0.002 7). Hypoxia induced testicular M1 macrophage infiltration (CD68
+
/CD86
+
) and elevated iNOS
+
in RAW 264.7 cells (
P
<
0.01). Transwell co-culture showed hypoxia-treated macrophages
but not hypoxia alone
disrupted lysosomal membrane stability in TM3 cells.
Conclusion
2
Hypoxia impairs spermatogenesis by driving M1 macrophage polarization
triggering LDCD in Leydig cells
and reducing testosterone synthesis.
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