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1.陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第一附属医院心血管内科,代谢生物钟与心血管疾病中心
2.老年心脑血管病教育部重点实验室,重庆
李华康,E-mail:lihuakang1980@tmmu.edu.cn
收稿:2025-08-24,
修回:2025-11-10,
录用:2025-11-11,
纸质出版:2025-11-30
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肖巍巍,刘锋,万陈,等.女性隐源性卒中患者卵圆孔未闭封堵术后卒中复发风险存在升高趋势:一项随访4年的回顾性队列研究[J].陆军军医大学学报,2025,47(22):2805-2813.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202508075.
XIAO W W,LIU F,WAN C,et al.Elevated risk of recurrent stroke in females after patent foramen ovale closure for cryptogenic stroke:A 4-year retrospective cohort study[J].J Army Med Univ,2025,47(22):2805-2813.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202508075.
肖巍巍,刘锋,万陈,等.女性隐源性卒中患者卵圆孔未闭封堵术后卒中复发风险存在升高趋势:一项随访4年的回顾性队列研究[J].陆军军医大学学报,2025,47(22):2805-2813.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202508075. DOI:
XIAO W W,LIU F,WAN C,et al.Elevated risk of recurrent stroke in females after patent foramen ovale closure for cryptogenic stroke:A 4-year retrospective cohort study[J].J Army Med Univ,2025,47(22):2805-2813.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202508075. DOI:
目的
2
探讨性别对卵圆孔未闭(patent foramen ovale, PFO)合并脑梗死/短暂性脑缺血发作(transient ischemic attack, TIA)患者卵圆孔未闭封堵术预后的影响。
方法
2
采用回顾性队列研究,纳入2013年1月至2023年12月于陆军军医大学第一附属医院住院并行卵圆孔未闭封堵术的脑梗死或 TIA患者为研究对象。按性别进行分组,收集患者的资料,包括年龄、合并的基础疾病、反常栓塞风险评分(the Risk of Paradoxical Embolism Score, RoPE)评分、检验资料、经胸和经食道超声心动图结果等;术后随访中记录了器械相关血栓(device-related thrombosis, DRT)、卒中、出血和心房颤动等并发症。
结果
2
一共112例患者选入本研究,其中男性59例,女性53例,平均年龄42.47±12.35岁。女性术前RoPE评分显著高于男性(6.6±1.4
vs
6.0±1.5,
P
=0.046),二者在梗死部位分布存在性别差异趋势(
χ
²=10.25,
P
=0.006),男性更易发生后循环梗死。术中经胸超声测量显示,女性卵圆孔距主动脉根部距离显著大于男性(9.3±2.4
vs
7.6±2.0,
P
<
0.001)。术后中位随访期4年,男性组发生心肌梗死1例、脑出血1例、阵发性心房颤动1例、牙龈出血2例、皮肤淤青1例;女性组发生肺栓塞1例、阵发性心房颤动1例、牙龈出血3例、皮肤淤青2例、脑梗死复发2例、TIA复发2例。总体不良事件发生率方面二者无统计学差异(
P
=0.291),女性组在脑梗死和TIA复发率方面高于男性,但二者相比无统计学差异(
P
=0.222)。通过多因素Cox回归分析,并在校正了包括RoPE评分、年龄、高血压、冠心病等多种潜在混杂因素后,本研究结果表明,性别并非患者术后复合终末事件的独立预测因素。
结论
2
PFO合并脑梗死/TIA患者行卵圆孔未闭封堵术对预后的影响无性别差异,但是女性在脑梗死及TIA复发方面较男性有增加趋势。
Objective
2
To investigate the effect of gender on prognosis after transcatheter patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure in patients with cerebral infarction or transient ischemic attack.
Methods
2
A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving patients with cerebral infarction or transient ischemic attack (TIA) who underwent PFO closure at our hospital between January 2013 and December 2023. The patients were grouped by gender
and related data were collected
including age
comorbidities
Risk of Paradoxical Embolism (RoPE) score
laboratory results
findings of transthoracic/transesophageal echocardiography (TTE/TEE)
and post-procedural complications
such as device-related thrombosis (DRT)
recurrent stroke
bleeding
and atrial fibrillation (AF).
Results
2
A total of 112 patients were enrolled
including 59 males and 53 females
at a mean age of 42.47±12.35 years. The females had significantly higher preoperative RoPE score than the males (6.6±1.4
vs
6.0±1.5
P
=0.046)
and a statistical difference was observed in the distribution of infarction sites between them (
Chi
-square=10.25
P
=0.006)
indicating that the males were prone to posterior circulation infarction. Intraoperative transthoracic echocardiography revealed a greater distance from the PFO to the aortic root in the females (9.3±2.4 mm
vs
7.6±2.0 mm
P
<
0.001). During a median follow-up of 4 years
the male group had 1 case of myocardial infarction
1 cerebral hemorrhage
1 paroxysmal AF
2 gingival bleeding episodes
and 1 skin ecchymosis. In the female group
1 case experienced pulmonary embolism
1 paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
3 gingival bleeding episodes
2 skin ecchymoses
2 recurrent cerebral infarctions
and 2 recurrent TIAs. There was no statistical difference in overall adverse events between gender (
P
=0.291). Although the females had higher rates of recurrent cerebral infarction and TIA
this difference lacked statistical significance (
P
=0.222). Multivariate Cox regressio
n analysis indicated that after adjusting for various potential confounding factors
such as RoPE score
age
hypertension
coronary heart disease
and other factors
gender was not an independent predictor of composite endpoint events after surgery.
Conclusion
2
Gender does not significantly affect overall prognosis after PFO closure in patients with cerebral infarction or TIA. However
females showed a trend toward higher rates of recurrent cerebral infarction and TIA.
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