
浏览全部资源
扫码关注微信
1.华中师范大学:,大学生心理健康教育中心,湖北武汉
2.华中师范大学:,心理学院,湖北武汉
3.湖北民族大学教师教育学院,湖北恩施
4.云南农业大学心理健康教育与咨询中心,云南昆明
高 斌,E-mail:354490189@qq.com
收稿:2025-08-16,
修回:2025-11-30,
录用:2025-12-15,
纸质出版:2026-01-30
移动端阅览
骆贵,高斌,梁晶晶.适应困难、就业压力与恋爱困扰:研究生抑郁症状发展的影响因素分析[J].陆军军医大学学报,2026,48(02):242-250.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202508044.
LUO G,GAO B,LIANG J J.An analysis of factors influencing the development of depressive symptoms among postgraduate students: The roles of adaptation challenges, employment stress, and romantic troubles[J].J Army Med Univ,2026,48(02):242-250.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202508044.
骆贵,高斌,梁晶晶.适应困难、就业压力与恋爱困扰:研究生抑郁症状发展的影响因素分析[J].陆军军医大学学报,2026,48(02):242-250.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202508044. DOI:
LUO G,GAO B,LIANG J J.An analysis of factors influencing the development of depressive symptoms among postgraduate students: The roles of adaptation challenges, employment stress, and romantic troubles[J].J Army Med Univ,2026,48(02):242-250.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202508044. DOI:
目的
2
探究研究生抑郁症状潜在类别的转变规律及其影响因素。
方法
2
采用前瞻性队列研究,于2021年10月(T1)和2022年10月(T2)对湖北省、安徽省两所高校的5 577名研究生进行2次调查。采用抑郁自评量表测量抑郁情绪水平,并使用大学生心理健康筛查量表测量发展性困扰。通过潜在类别模型的拟合指标确定最优分类模型,主要包括
Entropy
值
、
Lo-Mendell-Rubin(
LMR
)
、
Bootstrapped似然比检验(
BLRT
)等指标。通过潜在转变分析得出不同时间点潜在类别变化的转变概率,采用多项Logistic回归分析确定影响研究生抑郁症状潜在类别转变的因素。
结果
2
①研究生抑郁症状可分为3个类别(T1:
Entropy=
0.85,
LMR
P
<
0.05,
BLRT P
<
0.001;T2:
Entropy=
0.88,
LMR P
<
0.001,
BLRT P
<
0.001),分别为无抑郁症状组(66.0%
vs
64.3%)、轻度抑郁症状组(25.6%
vs
26.9%)和中度抑郁症状组(8.4%
vs
8.8%)。②各潜在类别在T2时间点保持在原组的概率依次为84.1%、56.9%和26.6%,中度抑郁症状组向轻度抑郁症状组转变的概率是41.3%,轻度抑郁症状组向无
抑郁症状组转变的概率是29.3%。③适应困难(
OR
=1.08,95%
CI
:1.02~1.16,
P
<
0.05)和就业压力(
OR
=1.05,95%
CI
:1.01~1.10,
P
<
0.05)是无抑郁症状组转变为轻度抑郁症状组的促进因素,恋爱困扰(
OR
=0.86,95%
CI
:0.76~0.99,
P
<
0.05)是中度抑郁症状组转变为无抑郁症状组的阻碍因素。
结论
2
研究生抑郁症状存在3个类别,适应困难、就业压力和恋爱困扰是影响抑郁症状发展的重要因素。
Objective
2
To explore the transition patterns of latent classes of depressive symptoms among postgraduate students and their influencing factors.
Methods
2
A prospective cohort study was conducted. Two waves of survey were carried out on 5 577 postgraduate students from an university in Hubei Province and another one in Anhui Province in October 2021 (T1) and October 2022 (T2). Self-Rating Depression Scale and College Students Mental Health Screening Scale were applied respectively to measure the severities of depressive symptoms and developmental distress. The optimal classification model was determined through the fitting indicators of the latent class model
mainly including indicators such as Entropy value
Lo-Mendell-Rubin (
LMR
)
and Bootstrapped Likelihood Ratio Test (
BLRT)
. Latent transition analysis was used to obtain the transition probabilities of latent class changes at different time points
and multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the factors influencing the latent class transition of depressive symptoms in the postgraduate students.
Results
2
① The depressive symptoms could be classified into 3 categories among the postgraduate students (T1:
Entropy
=0.85
LMR
P
<
0.05
BLRT
P
<
0.001; T2:
Entropy
=0.88
LMR
P
<
0.001
BLRT P
<
0.001)
that is
a non-depressive symptom group (66.0%
vs
64.3%)
a mild depressive symptom group (25.6%
vs
26.9%)
and a moderate depressive symptom group (8.4%
vs
8.8%). ② The probabilities of each latent class remaining in the original group at time point T2 were 84.1%
56.9%
and 26.6%
respectively. The probability of transition from moderate to mild depressive symptom group was 41.3%
and the probability from mild to non-depressive symptom group was 29.3%.③ Adaptation challenges(
OR
=1.08
95%
CI
: 1.02 to 1.16
P
<
0.05) and employment stress (
OR
=1.05
95
CI
: 1.01 to 1.10
P
<
0.05) were promoting factors for the transition from non-depressive to mild depressive symptom group. Romantic troubles (
OR
=0.86
95%
CI
: 0.76 to 0.99
P
<
0.05) was an obstructive factor for the transition from moderate to non-depressive symptom group.
Conclusion
2
There are 3 latent categories of depressive symptoms among postgraduate students. an obstructive factor for the transition from moderate to non-depressive symptom group.Adaptation challenges
employment stress and romantic troubles are important factors for the development of depressive symptoms.
FORRESTER N . Mental health of graduate students sorely overlooked [J]. Nature , 2021 , 595 ( 7865 ): 135 - 137 . DOI: 10.1038/d41586-021-01751-z http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-01751-z .
KESSLER R C , BROMET E J . The epidemiology of depression across cultures [J]. Annu Rev Public Health , 2013 , 34 : 119 - 138 . DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031912-114409 http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031912-114409 .
GUO L P , FAN H Y , XU Z , et al . Prevalence and changes in depressive symptoms among postgraduate students: a systematic review and meta-analysis from 1980 to 2020 [J]. Stress Health , 2021 , 37 ( 5 ): 835 - 847 . DOI: 10.1002/smi.3045 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smi.3045 .
俞国良 , 王学振 . 我国研究生心理健康问题的基本状况与教育对策 [J]. 中国高教研究 , 2024 ( 7 ): 80 - 87 . DOI: 10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2024.07.12 http://dx.doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2024.07.12 .
YU G L , WANG X Z . Basic conditions and educational countermeasures of mental health problems in Chinese graduate students [J]. China High Educ Res , 2024 ( 7 ): 80 - 87 . DOI: 10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2024.07.12 http://dx.doi.org/10.16298/j.cnki.1004-3667.2024.07.12 .
何婷婷 , 荣璠 , 李书琴 , 等 . 医学生健康危险行为与抑郁症状的关联: 一项潜在转变分析 [J]. 心理发展与教育 , 2025 , 41 ( 5 ): 730 - 739 . DOI: 10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2025.05.13 http://dx.doi.org/10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2025.05.13 .
HE T T , RONG F , LI S Q , et al . A study of latent transition analysis in health risk behaviors and association with depressive symptoms among medical students [J]. Psychol Dev Educ , 2025 , 41 ( 5 ): 730 - 739 . DOI: 10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2025.05.13 http://dx.doi.org/10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2025.05.13 .
赵心睿 , 李静雅 , 孔令华 , 等 . 青少年抑郁障碍与网络成瘾的关系: 社交回避和学业挫败感的中介作用 [J]. 山东大学学报(医学版) , 2024 , 62 ( 12 ): 65 - 71 . DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2024.0903 http://dx.doi.org/10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2024.0903 .
ZHAO X R , LI J Y , KONG L H , et al . Relationship between adolescent depressive disorder and Internet addiction: the mediating effects of social avoidance and academic defeat [J]. J Shandong Univ Health Sci , 2024 , 62 ( 12 ): 65 - 71 . DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2024.0903 http://dx.doi.org/10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2024.0903 .
GROSSBERG A , RICE T . Depression and suicidal behavior in adolescents [J]. Med Clin North Am , 2023 , 107 ( 1 ): 169 - 182 . DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2022.04.005 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2022.04.005 .
LUO W , ZHONG B L , CHIU H F . Prevalence of depressive symptoms among Chinese university students amid the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis [J]. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci , 2021 , 30 : e31 . DOI: 10.1017/S2045796021000202 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S2045796021000202 .
罗逸浩 , 黄艳苹 , 苏斌原 . 高校研究生抑郁、焦虑、孤独感和自杀意念的关系 [J]. 中国健康心理学杂志 , 2021 , 29 ( 9 ): 1412 - 1415 . DOI: 10.13342/j.cnki.cjhp.2021.09.027 http://dx.doi.org/10.13342/j.cnki.cjhp.2021.09.027 .
LUO Y H , HUANG Y P , SU B Y . Relationship among depression, anxiety, loneliness and suicidal ideation of graduate students in colleges and universities [J]. China J Health Psychol , 2021 , 29 ( 9 ): 1412 - 1415 . DOI: 10.13342/j.cnki.cjhp.2021.09.027 http://dx.doi.org/10.13342/j.cnki.cjhp.2021.09.027 .
吕夏 , 肖蓉 . 医学研究生物质主义及其与抑郁的关系: 物质至上导致更高的抑郁风险 [J]. 南方医科大学学报 , 2025 , 45 ( 6 ): 1220 - 1225 . DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2025.06.11 http://dx.doi.org/10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2025.06.11 .
LYU X , XIAO R . Materialistic values and their association with depression in medical postgraduates: materialism leads to higher risk of depression [J]. J South Med Univ , 2025 , 45 ( 6 ): 1220 - 1225 . DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2025.06.11 http://dx.doi.org/10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2025.06.11 .
王碧瑶 , 张敏强 , 张洁婷 , 等 . 基于转变矩阵描述的个体阶段性发展: 潜在转变模型 [J]. 心理研究 , 2015 , 8 ( 4 ): 36 - 43 .
WANG B Y , ZHANG M Q , ZHANG J T , et al . Describing the stage process of individual through transition matrix: latent transition model [J]. Psychol Res , 2015 , 8 ( 4 ): 36 - 43 .
李金珊 . 基于潜在剖面分析的初中生抑郁症状及其影响因素研究 [D]. 重庆 : 重庆医科大学 , 2024 .
LI J S . Research on depressive symptoms and influencing factors among junior high school students based on latent profile analysis [D]. Chongqing : Chongqing Medical University , 2024 .
代海云 , 金童林 . 大学生抑郁的潜在转变分析 [J]. 现代预防医学 , 2024 , 51 ( 23 ): 4333 - 4337, 4366 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405441 http://dx.doi.org/10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405441 .
DAI H Y , JIN T L . Analysis of potential transitions in depression among college students [J]. Mod Prev Med , 2024 , 51 ( 23 ): 4333 - 4337, 4366 . DOI: 10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405441 http://dx.doi.org/10.20043/j.cnki.MPM.202405441 .
廖友国 , 王欣欣 , 陈建文 , 等 . 我国成人初显期群体抑郁症状的潜在类别及其转变分析 [J]. 医学与社会 , 2023 , 36 ( 12 ): 104 - 110 . DOI: 10.13723/j.yxysh.2023.12.017 http://dx.doi.org/10.13723/j.yxysh.2023.12.017 .
LIAO Y G , WANG X X , CHEN J W , et al . Analysis of latent classes and transitions of depressive symptoms in the emerging adulthood group in China [J]. Med Soc , 2023 , 36 ( 12 ): 104 - 110 . DOI: 10.13723/j.yxysh.2023.12.017 http://dx.doi.org/10.13723/j.yxysh.2023.12.017 .
邓丽芳 , 虞洋洋 , 王姝怡 , 等 . 研究生心理健康的环境生态: 基于风险与保护因素的大数据研究 [J]. 学位与研究生教育 , 2024 ( 1 ): 41 - 48 . DOI: 10.16750/j.adge.2024.01.006 http://dx.doi.org/10.16750/j.adge.2024.01.006 .
DENG L F , YU Y Y , WANG S Y , et al . Weighing the pros and cons for postgraduate students mental health in new era: a big data analysis based on environmental risk and protective factors [J]. Acad Degrees Graduate Educ , 2024 ( 1 ): 41 - 48 . DOI: 10.16750/j.adge.2024.01.006 http://dx.doi.org/10.16750/j.adge.2024.01.006 .
吴慧攀 , 干敏雷 , 尹小俭 , 等 . 青少年抑郁症状影响因素研究进展 [J]. 中国学校卫生 , 2023 , 44 ( 5 ): 786 - 790 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.05.033 http://dx.doi.org/10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.05.033 .
WU H P , GAN M L , YIN X J , et al . Research progress on influencing factors of depressive symptoms in adolescents [J]. Chin J Sch Health , 2023 , 44 ( 5 ): 786 - 790 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.05.033 http://dx.doi.org/10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.05.033 .
BASTOS A F , FERNANDES-JR O , LIBERAL S P , et al . Academic-related stressors predict depressive symptoms in graduate students: a machine learning study [J]. Behav Brain Res , 2025 , 478 : 115328 . DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr. 2024. 115328 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115328 .
孙俊华 , 汪霞 . 博士研究生心理压力状况、压力源及影响因素研究: 基于江苏五所高校的调查数据 [J]. 学位与研究生教育 , 2021 ( 7 ): 50 - 58 . DOI: 10.16750/j.adge.2021.07.009 http://dx.doi.org/10.16750/j.adge.2021.07.009 .
SUN J H , WANG X . Research on doctoral student’s psychological pressure, stressors and influencing factors [J]. Acad Degrees Graduate Educ , 2021 ( 7 ): 50 - 58 . DOI: 10.16750/j.adge.2021.07.009 http://dx.doi.org/10.16750/j.adge.2021.07.009 .
张平 , 张兰鸽 , 张旭然 , 等 . 导学关系冲突与研究生抑郁: 沟通有效性的中介效应和个人主动性的调节作用 [J]. 中国临床心理学杂志 , 2023 , 31 ( 6 ): 1353 - 1358 . DOI: 10.16128/j.cnki.1005-3611.2023.06.012 http://dx.doi.org/10.16128/j.cnki.1005-3611.2023.06.012 .
ZHANG P , ZHANG L G , ZHANG X R , et al . Association between supervisor-student conflict and postgraduates’ depression: the mediating effect of communication effectiveness and the moderating effect of personal initiative [J]. Chin J Clin Psychol , 2023 , 31 ( 6 ): 1353 - 1358 . DOI: 10.16128/j.cnki.1005-3611.2023.06.012 http://dx.doi.org/10.16128/j.cnki.1005-3611.2023.06.012 .
ZUNG W W . A self-rating depression scale [J]. Arch Gen Psychiatry , 1965 , 12 ( 1 ): 63 - 70 . DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc. 1965. 01720310065008 http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1965.01720310065008 .
戴晓阳 , 王孟成 , 刘拓 . 常用心理评估量表手册 [M]. 北京 : 北京科学技术出版社 , 2023 : 52 - 55 .
DAI X Y , WANG M C , LIU T . Handbook of commonly used psychological assessment scales [M]. 3rd Ed . Beijing : Beijing Science and Technology Press , 2023 : 52 - 55 .
方晓义 , 袁晓娇 , 胡伟 , 等 . 中国大学生心理健康筛查量表的编制 [J]. 心理与行为研究 , 2018 , 16 ( 1 ): 111 - 118 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-0628.2018.01.015 http://dx.doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1672-0628.2018.01.015 .
FANG X Y , YUAN X J , HU W , et al . The development of college students mental health screening scale [J]. Stud Psychol Behav , 2018 , 16 ( 1 ): 111 - 118 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-0628.2018.01.015 http://dx.doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1672-0628.2018.01.015 .
柯小君 , 杨睿 . 新时代背景下“95后”研究生心理健康问题及对策 [J]. 高教论坛 , 2021 ( 10 ): 75 - 80 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-9719.2021.10.022 http://dx.doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1671-9719.2021.10.022 .
KE X J , YANG R . Sychological status and sountermeasures of “95 after” graduate students in the new era [J]. High Educ Forum , 2021 ( 10 ): 75 - 80 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-9719.2021.10.022 http://dx.doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1671-9719.2021.10.022 .
刘爱楼 , 王瑞明 . 大学生抑郁情绪特征的潜在类别分析 [J]. 中国临床心理学杂志 , 2022 , 30 ( 5 ): 1208 - 1212 . DOI: 10.16128/j.cnki.1005-3611.2022.05.040 http://dx.doi.org/10.16128/j.cnki.1005-3611.2022.05.040 .
LIU A L , WANG R M . Latent profile analysis on the characteristics of college students’ depression [J]. Chin J Clin Psychol , 2022 , 30 ( 5 ): 1208 - 1212 . DOI: 10.16128/j.cnki.1005-3611.2022.05.040 http://dx.doi.org/10.16128/j.cnki.1005-3611.2022.05.040 .
邱炳武 , 王极盛 . 抑郁研究中的素质-压力理论述评 [J]. 心理科学 , 2000 , 23 ( 3 ): 361 - 362 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-6981.2000.03.029 http://dx.doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1671-6981.2000.03.029 .
QIU B W , WANG J S . A review of diathesis-stress theory in depression research [J]. Psychol Sci , 2000 , 23 ( 3 ): 361 - 362 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-6981.2000.03.029 http://dx.doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1671-6981.2000.03.029 .
姜捷 . 研究生面临压力现状、影响因素及缓解对策 [J]. 河南大学学报(社会科学版) , 2023 , 63 ( 6 ): 117 - 122, 155 . DOI: 10.15991/j.cnki.411028.2023.06.008 http://dx.doi.org/10.15991/j.cnki.411028.2023.06.008 .
JIANG J . The current situation, influencing factors, and mitigation strategies of online graduate pressure [J]. J Henan Univ Soc Sci , 2023 , 63 ( 6 ): 117 - 122, 155 . DOI: 10.15991/j.cnki.411028.2023.06.008 http://dx.doi.org/10.15991/j.cnki.411028.2023.06.008 .
宋晓东 , 黄婷婷 , 景怡 . 研究生心理压力调查报告: 以北京某985高校研究生为例 [J]. 中国青年社会科学 , 2019 , 38 ( 3 ): 74 - 82 . DOI: 10.16034/j.cnki.10-1318/c.2019.03.011 http://dx.doi.org/10.16034/j.cnki.10-1318/c.2019.03.011 .
SONG X D , HUANG T T , JING Y . A report on mental pressure of graduate students: exemplified by the graduate students from a 985 project university in Beijing [J]. J Chin Youth Soc Sci , 2019 , 38 ( 3 ): 74 - 82 . DOI: 10.16034/j.cnki.10-1318/c.2019.03.011 http://dx.doi.org/10.16034/j.cnki.10-1318/c.2019.03.011 .
杨春 , 吴德华 , 刘晓艺 , 等 . 研究生应对方式和心理素质在抑郁症状与压力源关系中的作用 [J]. 中国心理卫生杂志 , 2025 , 39 ( 2 ): 180 - 185 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6729.2025.02.13 http://dx.doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-6729.2025.02.13 .
YANG C , WU D H , LIU X Y , et al . Effect of coping styles and psychological suzhi on relationship between depression and stressors in postgraduates [J]. Chin Ment Health J , 2025 , 39 ( 2 ): 180 - 185 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6729.2025.02.13 http://dx.doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-6729.2025.02.13 .
汪涛 , 朱安平 , 徐松 , 等 . 知觉压力与抑郁的关系: 反思、沉浸性反刍的多重中介作用 [J]. 第三军医大学学报 , 2019 , 41 ( 4 ): 388 - 393 . DOI: 10.16016/j.1000-5404.201809102 http://dx.doi.org/10.16016/j.1000-5404.201809102 .
WANG T , ZHU A P , XU S , et al . Relationship between perceived stress and depression: multiple mediating roles of reflection and brooding [J]. J Third Mil Med Univ , 2019 , 41 ( 4 ): 388 - 393 . DOI: 10.16016/j.1000-5404.201809102 http://dx.doi.org/10.16016/j.1000-5404.201809102 .
牛更枫 , 郝恩河 , 孙晓军 , 等 . 负性生活事件对大学生抑郁的影响: 应对方式的中介作用和性别的调节作用 [J]. 中国临床心理学杂志 , 2013 , 21 ( 6 ): 1022 - 1025 . DOI: 10.16128/j.cnki.1005-3611.2013.06.016 http://dx.doi.org/10.16128/j.cnki.1005-3611.2013.06.016 .
NIU G F , HAO E H , SUN X J , et al . Negative life events’ impact on depression among college students: the mediating effect of coping and the moderating effect of gender [J]. Chin J Clin Psychol , 2013 , 21 ( 6 ): 1022 - 1025 . DOI: 10.16128/j.cnki.1005-3611.2013.06.016 http://dx.doi.org/10.16128/j.cnki.1005-3611.2013.06.016 .
唐天桂 , 罗昊 , 袁泽亮 , 等 . 高中生社交回避及苦恼和学业倦怠与学校适应和抑郁的纵向关系 [J]. 中国学校卫生 , 2024 , 45 ( 4 ): 544 - 548 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024101 http://dx.doi.org/10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024101 .
TANG T G , LUO H , YUAN Z L , et al . Longitudinal relationship between social avoidance and distress, learning burnout, school adaptation and depression among high school students [J]. Chin J Sch Health , 2024 , 45 ( 4 ): 544 - 548 . DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024101 http://dx.doi.org/10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024101 .
朱阳莉 , 李俊 , 李薇 , 等 . 新型冠状病毒感染疫情下就业压力对大学毕业生生活满意度和抑郁的影响: 自尊的中介作用 [J]. 中国健康心理学杂志 , 2023 , 31 ( 2 ): 191 - 198 . DOI: 10.13342/j.cnki.cjhp.2023.02.006 http://dx.doi.org/10.13342/j.cnki.cjhp.2023.02.006 .
ZHU Y L , LI J , LI W , et al . Effect of employment pressure on life satisfaction and depression in college graduates under the COVID-19 pandemic: The mediating effect of self-esteem [J]. China J Health Psychol , 2023 , 31 ( 2 ): 191 - 198 . DOI: 10.13342/j.cnki.cjhp.2023.02.006 http://dx.doi.org/10.13342/j.cnki.cjhp.2023.02.006 .
0
浏览量
6
下载量
0
CSCD
关联资源
相关文章
相关作者
相关机构
京公网安备11010802024621