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吉林医药学院检验学院,吉林吉林
孙美艳,E-mail: sunmy990@163.com
收稿:2025-08-10,
修回:2025-10-19,
录用:2025-10-20,
纸质出版:2025-11-15
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王皓,张磊,李君龙,等.维莫德吉通过BRD9介导的PD-L1调控基底细胞癌微环境[J].陆军军医大学学报,2025,47(21):2641-2651.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202508025.
WANG H,ZHANG L,LI J L,et al.Vismodegib regulates microenvironment of basal cell carcinoma via BRD9-mediated Hedgehog and PD-L1 signaling[J].J Army Med Univ,2025,47(21):2641-2651.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202508025.
王皓,张磊,李君龙,等.维莫德吉通过BRD9介导的PD-L1调控基底细胞癌微环境[J].陆军军医大学学报,2025,47(21):2641-2651.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202508025. DOI:
WANG H,ZHANG L,LI J L,et al.Vismodegib regulates microenvironment of basal cell carcinoma via BRD9-mediated Hedgehog and PD-L1 signaling[J].J Army Med Univ,2025,47(21):2641-2651.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202508025. DOI:
目的
2
探讨维莫德吉(vismodegib,Vis)通过染色质重塑因子BRD9影响基底细胞癌(basal cell carcinoma, BCC)发生发展的分子机制,分析BRD9在BCC中的表达特征及其与免疫检查点PD-L1及刺猬蛋白(Hedgehog,Hh)信号通路的关系。
方法
2
①通过SKH-1无毛背景的Ptch1
+/-
;LacZ报告基因小鼠构建紫外线B(ultraviolet B,UVB)诱导的BCC模型,并给予Vis干预。通过X-gal染色、免疫组化、免疫荧光和Western blot检测肿瘤组织中BRD9与PD-L1的表达与定位,并评估免疫细胞浸润。②体外以小鼠BCC的ASZ001细胞株(简称ASZ细胞)进行Vis与BRD9降解剂(dBRD9)处理,并构建BRD9过表达细胞株;检测细胞活力及BRD9、PD-L1、Gli1、Ccnd1的蛋白与mRNA表达。同时开展染色质免疫沉淀-定量聚合酶链反应,在PD-L1启动子近端(P1)与上游活跃片段(P2)检测BRD9与H3K27ac的富集变化。
结果
2
①组织水平发现BRD9在BCC中呈显著阳性表达,肿瘤区域可见BRD9与PD-L1的共定位及免疫细胞浸润;而Vis显著抑制UVB诱导的小鼠BCC形成(
P
<
0.01),降低大体积肿瘤发生率并减少X-gal阳性病灶面积(
P
<
0.000 1),并下调BRD9的表达(
P
=0.024 9),减弱免疫细胞浸润。②细胞水平发现Vis处理降低ASZ细胞活力,下调BRD9、Gli1、Ccnd1的表达(
P
<
0.000 1);dBRD9剂量依赖性抑制ASZ细胞活力,并降低PD-L1、Gli1、Ccnd1表达(
P
<
0.000 1);BRD9过表达则提高上述分子水平(
P
<
0.000 1)。ASZ细胞中BRD9与H3K27ac在PD-L1启动子P1/P2位点富集,经dBRD9或Vis处理后,P1/P2位点的BRD9与H3K27ac富集水平均降低(
P
<
0.000 1)。
结论
2
BCC中BRD9维持PD-L1近端染色质活化并调节Hh/Gli1信号,促进免疫逃逸,Vis通过抑制Hh-BRD9-PD-L1通路重塑基底细胞癌微环境。
Objective
2
To investigate how vismodegib (Vis) influences the pathogenesis of basal cell carcinoma (BCC)
via
a
chromatin remodeling factor
bromodomain containing protein 9 (BRD9)
and to analyze the expression profile of BRD9 in BCC and its relationship with the immune checkpoint
programmed cell death-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) and the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway.
Methods
2
① A UVB-induced BCC model was established in SKH-1 hairless background Ptch1
+/-
; LacZ reporter mice. Then the mice were treated with Vis
and those without treatment served as control. X-gal staining
immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining
immunofluorescence (IF) assay
and Western blotting were used to assess the expression and localization of BRD9 and PD-L1 in tumor tissues and to evaluate immune-cell infiltration. ②
In vitro
mouse BCC cell line ASZ001 (ASZ cells) were treated with Vis or a BRD9 degrader (dBRD9)
and BRD9-overexpressing cells were generated. Cell viability and the protein and mRNA levels of BRD9
PD-L1
Gli1
and cyclin D1 (Ccnd1) were measured. ChIP-qPCR was performed to examine BRD9 and H3K27ac enrichment at the PD-L1 promoter
including the promoter-proximal site (P1) and an upstream active segment (P2).
Results
2
① At the tissue level
BRD9 was highly expressed in BCC
and co-localization of BRD9 and PD-L1 was observed within tumor regions
with evident immune-cell infiltration. Vis markedly suppressed UVB-induced BCC formation
reduced the probability of large-volume tumors (by probability-density analysis)
decreased the X-gal-positive lesion area(
P
<
0.000 1)
down-regulated BRD9(
P
=0.024 9)
and attenuated immune-cell infiltration. ② At the cellular level
Vis treatment reduced cell viability and down-regulated BRD9
Gli1
and Ccnd1 in ASZ cells(
P
<
0.000 1). dBRD9 inhibited ASZ cell viability in a dose-dependent manner and decreased PD-L1
Gli1
and Ccnd1(
P
<
0.000 1)
whereas its overexpression increased the expression of these molecules(
P
<
0.000 1).
In ASZ cells
BRD9 and H3K27ac were enriched at the PD-L1 promoter P1/P2 regions. Treatment with dBRD9 or Vis reduced BRD9 and H3K27ac enrichment at P1/P2 regions(
P
<
0.000 1).
Conclusion
2
In BCC
BRD9 maintains chromatin activation at the proximal PD-L1 promoter and modulates Hh/Gli1 signaling
thereby promoting immune evasion. Vis remodels the tumor immune microenvironment by inhibiting the Hh-BRD9-PD-L1 axis.
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