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1.广州中医药大学,广东广州
2.深圳市坪山区中医院,广东深圳
3.广州中医药大学东莞医院,广东东莞
梁靖蓉,Email: 1203344803@qq.com
收稿:2025-08-09,
修回:2025-10-30,
录用:2025-10-30,
纸质出版:2025-11-30
移动端阅览
涂秋月,彭鑫玉,贺子毅,等.中国日益加重的动脉粥样硬化性心血管病负担:基于GBD2021数据库的生活方式和代谢因素分析[J].陆军军医大学学报,2025,47(22):2824-2836.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202508023.
TU Q Y,PENG X Y,HE Z Y,et al.Growing burden of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in China: An analysis on lifestyle and metabolic factors based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021[J].J Army Med Univ,2025,47(22):2824-2836.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202508023.
涂秋月,彭鑫玉,贺子毅,等.中国日益加重的动脉粥样硬化性心血管病负担:基于GBD2021数据库的生活方式和代谢因素分析[J].陆军军医大学学报,2025,47(22):2824-2836.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202508023. DOI:
TU Q Y,PENG X Y,HE Z Y,et al.Growing burden of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in China: An analysis on lifestyle and metabolic factors based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021[J].J Army Med Univ,2025,47(22):2824-2836.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202508023. DOI:
目的
2
分析1990-2021年中国人群归因于生活方式和代谢因素的动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, ASCVD)负担及预测其变化趋势,以期为公共卫生防控提供参考。
方法
2
基于全球疾病负担(global burden of disease, GBD)2021数据库,提取中国人群归因于膳食、低体力活动、烟草、高BMI、高血糖、高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和高血压主要生活方式及代谢危险因素ASCVD的伤残调整寿命年(disability-adjusted life-years, DALYs),同时计算年龄标准化DALYs率(age-standardized disability-adjusted life years rate, ASDR),并应用ARIMA模型预测疾病趋势。
结果
2
①总体趋势变化提示,导致缺血性心脏病(ischemic heart disease, IHD)首要归因危险因素从1990年的膳食风险转变为2021年的高血压,缺血性脑卒中(ischemic stroke, IS)和周围动脉疾病(peripheral arterial disease, PAD)首要归因危险因素分别均是高血压和烟草。②国际对比情况表明,1990—2021年,金砖国家IHD和IS疾病负担的主要风险因素均呈现高血压主导趋势,而关于PAD,中国始终保持烟草和高血糖主导。③性别年龄分布分析,高血压是男女人群共同的首要IHD和IS风险,而PAD风险具有性别差异(男性以烟草为主,女性以高血糖为主)。年龄分层显示,15-49岁人群以膳食(ischemic heart disease, IHD)、高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(ischemic stroke, IS)、烟草(peripheral arterial disease, PAD)为首要归因危险因素;50-69岁人群以膳食(ischemic heart disease, IHD)、高血压(ischemic stroke, IS)、烟草(peripheral arterial disease, PAD)为首要归因危险因素;≥70岁人群的首要归因危险因素为高血压(ischemic heart disease, IHD/ischemic stroke, IS)与高血糖(peripheral arterial disease, PAD)。④ARIMA模型预测显示,预计到2035年IHD、IS和PAD的DALYs将分别增至8 281.6万、4 680.8万和19.2万人年。
结论
2
1990—2021年中国人群ASCVD疾病负担持续上升,预测显示至2035年仍将增长,防控形势严峻。对策 建议当前防控重点应是加强代谢因素的综合管理,并针对不同性别、年龄人群实施精准干预,继续推进健康生活方式干预和控烟措施,同时构建“防-治-康-研”一体化的防控体系。
Objective
2
To analyze the burden of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) attributable to lifestyle and metabolic factors in China from 1990 to 2021 and predict its future trends
providing evidence for public health prevention and control.
Methods
2
Based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database
we extracted disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of ASCVD attributable to 7 key risk factors: dietary
low physical activity
smoking
high body mass index (BMI)
high fasting blood glucose
high low-density lipid cholesterol (LDL-C)
and hypertension. Age-standardized DALY rates (ASDR) were also calculated to account for variations in age structure
and an ARIMA model was applied to predict future trends.
Results
2
① Overall trend analysis showed the leading risk factor for ischemic heart disease (IHD) shifted from dietary risks in 1990 to hypertension in 2021
while h
ypertension and smoking remained the primary risk factors for ischemic stroke (IS) and peripheral artery disease (PAD)
respectively. ② In BRICS nations
hypertension was the dominant risk factor for both IHD and IS
whereas in China
smoking and high fasting blood glucose continued to be the major drivers of PAD burden. ③ Sex-specific analysis revealed that hypertension was the leading risk factor for IHD and IS in both males and females. For PAD
smoking was the main risk factor in males
while high fasting blood glucose was for females. Age-stratified analysis revealed that in the 15
-
49 age group
dietary
high LDL-C and smoking were the primary factor for IHD
IS and PAD
respectively; in the 50
-
69 group
dietary predominated IHD risk
hypertension IS
and smoking PAD; and among those aged ≥70 years
hypertension was the leading risk factor for both IHD and IS
and high fasting blood glucose was for PAD. ④ ARIMA model forecasted that by 2035
DALYs for IHD
IS
and PAD will increase to 82.816 million
46.808 million
and 0.192 million person-years
respectively.
Conclusion
2
The ASCVD burden attributable to lifestyle and metabolic factors continues to rise in China from 1990 to 2021
and is projected to further increase by 2035. Countermeasures We suggest that current prevention and control priorities are enhanced management of metabolic factors
tailored interventions by sex and age
promotion of healthy lifestyles and tobacco control
and establishment of an integrated system of prevention-treatment-rehabilitation-research.
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