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1.西南医科大学附属医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科,四川泸州
2.重庆市人民医院(重庆大学附属人民医院)耳鼻咽喉头颈外科,重庆
3.重庆大学医学院神经智能中心实验室,重庆
袁伟,E-mail:weiyuan175@sina.com
收稿:2025-07-28,
修回:2025-10-23,
录用:2025-10-23,
纸质出版:2025-11-15
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梁正薇,洪慧慧,袁伟.GenX通过System Xc⁻-Gpx4-Fsp1铁死亡轴诱导耳蜗毛细胞损伤[J].陆军军医大学学报,2025,47(21):2652-2662.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202507094.
LIANG Z W,HONG H H,YUAN W.GenX induces cochlear hair cell injury via System Xc⁻-Gpx4-Fsp1 ferroptosis axis[J].J Army Med Univ,2025,47(21):2652-2662.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202507094.
梁正薇,洪慧慧,袁伟.GenX通过System Xc⁻-Gpx4-Fsp1铁死亡轴诱导耳蜗毛细胞损伤[J].陆军军医大学学报,2025,47(21):2652-2662.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202507094. DOI:
LIANG Z W,HONG H H,YUAN W.GenX induces cochlear hair cell injury via System Xc⁻-Gpx4-Fsp1 ferroptosis axis[J].J Army Med Univ,2025,47(21):2652-2662.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202507094. DOI:
目的
2
探讨铁死亡在2,3,3,3-四氟-2-(七氟丙氧基)丙酸铵[ammonium 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy)-propanoate,GenX]暴露诱导耳蜗毛细胞损伤中的作用与机制。
方法
2
体外培养HEI-OC1细胞,分为对照组、GenX组、铁死亡抑制剂(ferrostatin-1,Fer-1)组、GenX+Fer-1组,CCK-8检测GenX对耳蜗毛细胞的毒性作用,CCK-8检测GenX+Fer-1共处理后观察有无铁死亡的发生,Western blot和qRT-PCR检测铁死亡标志物、耳蜗分化功能指标
、
耳血迷路屏障标志物和听力相关铁死亡通路蛋白和基因的表达,使用FerroOrange、Bodipy(C11)、线粒体膜电位荧光探针(mitochondrial membrane potential assay kit,JC-1)和ATP探针分别检测Fe²⁺蓄积、脂质过氧化水平、线粒体膜损伤和ATP情况。
结果
2
200 μmol/L GenX暴露12 h后显著降低HEI-OC1细胞活力(
P
<
0.01)。GenX暴露12 h后引起磷脂氢过氧化物谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase,Gpx4)、溶质载体家族7成员11和铁死亡抑制蛋白1(ferroptosis suppressor protein 1,Fsp1)蛋白表达下调(
P
<
0.05),酰基辅酶A合成酶长链家族成员4蛋白表达上调(
P
<
0.01),耳蜗毛细胞分化功能基因和耳血迷路屏障基因表达降低(
P
<
0.05)
,
同时伴随Fe²⁺蓄积、脂质过氧化水平升高和线粒体膜损伤及降低ATP生成(
P
<
0.001)。GenX+Fer-1组可显著恢复细胞活力(
P
<
0.05),逆转铁死亡蛋白的表达(
P
<
0.05),并改善部分耳蜗分化功能基因和耳血迷路屏障基因的表达(
P
<
0.05)。同时GenX+Fer-1组可减少Fe²⁺蓄
积、降低脂质过氧化水平、抑制线粒体膜损伤和升高ATP水平(
P
<
0.001)。
结论
2
GenX通过诱导铁代谢紊乱、脂质过氧化蓄积,并依赖System Xc⁻-Gpx4-Fsp1铁死亡轴途径损伤耳蜗毛细胞的分化和屏障功能。
Objective
2
To investigate the role and mechanism of ferroptosis in cochlear hair cell injury induced by exposure to ammonium 2
3
3
3-tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy)propanoate (GenX).
Methods
2
Mouse cochlear hair cell line HEI-OC1 was assigned to control
GenX
ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1)
and GenX+Fer-1 groups. CCK-8 assay was used to assess the cytotoxicity of GenX and the rescue effect of Fer-1 co-treatment. Western blotting and qRT-PCR were employed to measure the protein and transcriptional expression of ferroptosis markers
cochlear function indicators
blood labyrinth barrier markers
and ferroptosis-related pathway. FerroOrange
Bodipy(C11)
mitochondrial membrane potential assay kit (JC-1)
and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) assay were applied to detect Fe²⁺ accumulation
lipid peroxidation
mitochondrial membrane dysfunction
and cellular ATP levels
respectively.
Results
2
Exposure to 200 μmol/L GenX for 12 h significantly reduced the viability of HEI-OC1 cells (
P
<
0.01)
down-regulated the protein levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4)
solute carrier family 7 member 11 (Slc7a11)
and ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (Fsp1) (
P
<
0.05)
whereas up-regulated acyl-coa synthetase long-chain family member 4 (Acsl4) (
P
<
0.01)
and decreased the expression of cochlear hair-cell function genes and blood labyrinth barrier genes (
P
<
0.05). These changes were accompanied with Fe
2+
accumulation
elevated lipid peroxidation
mitochondrial membrane damage
and reduced ATP production (
P
<
0.001). Addition of Fer-1 restored cell viability (
P
<
0.05)
restored the expression of ferroptosis
related proteins (
P
<
0.05)
and improved the expression of several hair-cell function and blood labyrinth barrier genes (
P
<
0.05). In parallel
the GenX+Fer-1 group exhibited reduced Fe²⁺ accumulation
lower lipid peroxidation
attenuated mitochondrial membrane damage
and increased ATP level (
P
<
0.001).
Conclusion
2
GenX induces iron-metabolism dysregulation and lipid peroxidation
and then leads to differentiation impairment of cochlear hair cells and barrier functions
via
the ferroptotic System Xc⁻-Gpx4-Fsp1 axis.
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