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1.陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第二附属医院呼吸与危重症医学科,重大呼吸疾病精准诊疗与防控重庆市重点实验室,呼吸疾病研究重庆市高校重点实验室,重庆
2.渝粤病理科学研究中心,重庆
钱 航,E-mail: hqian@tmmu.edu.cn
徐 智,E-mail: xuzhihxk@tmmu.edu.cn
收稿:2025-07-12,
修回:2025-09-12,
录用:2025-09-12,
纸质出版:2025-10-15
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卿斌,孔鑫鑫,叶东樊,等.PD-1介导的CD4+ T细胞耗竭加剧脓毒症小鼠的肠道菌群异位[J].陆军军医大学学报,2025,47(19):2302-2314.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202507039.
QING B,KONG X X,YE D F,et al.PD-1-mediated CD4+ T cell exhaustion exacerbates gut microbiota translocation in mouse model of sepsis[J].J Army Med Univ,2025,47(19):2302-2314.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202507039.
卿斌,孔鑫鑫,叶东樊,等.PD-1介导的CD4+ T细胞耗竭加剧脓毒症小鼠的肠道菌群异位[J].陆军军医大学学报,2025,47(19):2302-2314.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202507039. DOI:
QING B,KONG X X,YE D F,et al.PD-1-mediated CD4+ T cell exhaustion exacerbates gut microbiota translocation in mouse model of sepsis[J].J Army Med Univ,2025,47(19):2302-2314.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202507039. DOI:
目的
2
探究脓毒症中免疫耗竭的特征并分析其与肠道菌群异位的相关性。
方法
2
采用随机数字表法将130只小鼠分为盲肠穿刺结扎(cecal ligation and puncture,CLP)组(
n
=100)和假手术(sham)组(
n
=30),通过CLP建立小鼠脓毒症模型;流式细胞术检测分析小鼠外周血CD4
+
T、CD8
+
T和PD-1
+
T细胞亚群比例变化;心、肝、肾等脏器匀浆涂板检测细菌定植量变化;HE染色分析免疫器官的病理改变;免疫组化染色检测免疫器官内CD4、CD8和PD-1阳性细胞表达及定位,使用Image J软件对阳性细胞数变化进行定量。
结果
2
HE染色提示各级免疫器官随病程进展出现不同程度病理损伤;与Sham组小鼠相比,CLP组小鼠各脏器及外周血细菌定植量均显著增高(
P
<
0.05),以肝脏感染最为严重;CLP组小鼠在术后第1、3、5天时外周血CD4
+
T淋巴细胞比例较Sham组分别下降56%、70.57%和87.42%(
P<
0.001),CD8
+
T淋巴细胞比例只在第5 天时下降48.33%(
P
<
0.001),而表达PD-1的CD4
+
T细胞亚群比例分别升高为Sham组的673.08倍、423.08倍和600倍(
P
<
0.001);免疫组化结果显示,CLP术后胸腺、脾脏和肠系膜淋巴结中CD4阳性细胞比例在早期最高时分别上升为Sham组的7.65倍、2.66倍和3.7倍(
P
<
0.001),后期最低时分别较早期下降82.8%(
P
<
0.001)、41.9%(
P
<
0.01)和60.15%(
P
<
0.001);CD8阳性细胞比例在早期升高后下降不显著;PD-1阳性细胞占比持续升高,最高时分别上升为Sham组的6.24倍、13.9倍和20.96倍(
P
<
0.001),且其表达区域与CD4阳性细胞大致相同。
结论
2
脓毒症时炎症反应可引起免疫器官严重损伤,CD4
+
T淋巴细胞持续耗竭,机体预防感染的能力下降,可能是造成肠
道菌群异位加重,导致全身感染的重要原因。
Objective
2
To investigate the characteristics of immune exhaustion in sepsis and analyze its association with gut microbiota translocation.
Methods
2
A total of 130 mice were randomly divided into a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) group (
n
=100) and a Sham group (
n
=30) Mouse model of sepsis was established with CLP procedure. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the proportions of peripheral blood CD4
+
T and CD8
+
T cells and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) positive T cell subsets in mice. Bacterial colonization in organs such as the heart
liver and kidneys was quantified by plating homogenates of the organs. Pathological changes in immune organs were observed with HE staining. The expression and localization of CD4⁺
CD8⁺
and PD-1⁺cells in immune organs were detected with immunohistochemical staining
and Image J software was employed for subsequent quantification of the number of the positive cells.
Results
2
HE staining demonstrated that immune organs exhibited varying degrees of pathological damages with disease progression. Compared with the Sham mice
the CLP mice exhibited significantly increased bacterial colonization in parenchymal organs and peripheral blood (
P
<
0.05)
notably in the liver
which showed the most severe infection. In the CLP group
the proportion of CD4
+
T lymphocytes in peripheral blood at days 1
3
and 5 postoperatively was decreased by 56%
70.57%
and 87.42%
respectively
when compared with the Sham group (
P
<
0.001). The proportion of CD8
+
T lymphocytes was decreased by 48.33% relative to the Sham group only at day 5 (
P
<
0.001). In contrast
the proportion of CD4
+
T cell subsets expressing PD-1 was increased to 673.08
423.08
and 600 times that of the Sham g
roup
respectively
at the same postoperative time points (
P
<
0.001). Immunohistochemical results showed that
in the CLP group
the proportion of CD4
+
T cells in the thymus
spleen
and mesenteric lymph nodes was increased to 7.65
2.66
and 3.7 times that of the Sham group
respectively
at the early-stage peak (
P
<
0.001)
and then these proportions were decreased by 82.8% (
P
<
0.001)
41.9% (
P
<
0.01)
and 60.15% (
P
<
0.001)
respectively
at the late-stage trough when compared with the early-stage peak in the corresponding organs. The proportion of CD8
+
positive cells was increased in the early stage and then decreased insignificantly
while the proportion of PD-1
+
positive cells was increased continuously
and reached 6.24
13.9
and 20.96 times that of the Sham group at the peak in the thymus
spleen
and mesenteric lymph nodes respectively (
P
<
0.001)
with their expression regions showing a rough overlap with those of CD4
+
cells.
Conclusion
2
During sepsis
the inflammatory response can cause severe damage to immune organs and persistent exhaustion of CD4⁺T lymphocytes
leading to declined defenses against infection
which may be the main causes for exacerbated gut microbiota translocation and then systemic infection.
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