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1.陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)基础医学院神经生物学教研室,重庆
2.陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第一附属医院运动医学中心,重庆
3.陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第二附属医院神经内科,重庆
张吉强,E-mail:zhangjiqiang@tmmu.edu.cn
收稿日期:2025-05-30,
修回日期:2025-07-24,
纸质出版日期:2025-08-30
移动端阅览
张轩,周茂虎,孟召友,等.卵巢雌激素缺乏经调节海马线粒体功能与胞外基质重塑参与阿尔茨海默病发病与进程[J].陆军军医大学学报,2025,47(16):1849-1861.
ZHANG Xuan,ZHOU Maohu,MENG Zhaoyou,et al.Ovarian estrogen deficiency participates in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease by regulating hippocampal mitochondrial function and extracellular matrix remodeling[J].J Army Med Univ,2025,47(16):1849-1861.
张轩,周茂虎,孟召友,等.卵巢雌激素缺乏经调节海马线粒体功能与胞外基质重塑参与阿尔茨海默病发病与进程[J].陆军军医大学学报,2025,47(16):1849-1861. DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202505076.
ZHANG Xuan,ZHOU Maohu,MENG Zhaoyou,et al.Ovarian estrogen deficiency participates in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease by regulating hippocampal mitochondrial function and extracellular matrix remodeling[J].J Army Med Univ,2025,47(16):1849-1861. DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202505076.
目的
2
绝经后女性阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)发病率显著升高,绝经导致的卵巢雌激素缺乏被认为是AD致病风险的主要原因之一,但是卵巢雌激素调节与学习记忆密切相关的海马的机制尚无详细的报道。本研究旨在通过整合海马转录组学与蛋白质组学分析,探讨卵巢切除(ovariectomy,OVX)所致的雌激素缺乏促进AD发生的关键分子和通路。
方法
2
构建模拟绝经的OVX小鼠模型,提取海马mRNA和蛋白分别进行转录组学测序(
n
=3)和蛋白质组学测序(
n
=3),差异基因/蛋白的阈值设为差异倍数变化
>
1.5且
P
<
0.05。然后将双组学共趋势分子进行GO、KEGG富集及聚类等生物信息学分析筛选关键通路;最后将共趋势分子与人类AD数据库(AlzDate)海马差异基因数据集进行表达趋势比对,将变化趋势一致的基因利用string、GeneCards/Uniports等在线资源进行蛋白互作与网络分析,筛选关键分子。
结果
2
转录组学鉴定出139个差异表达基因,蛋白质组学鉴定出248个差异表达蛋白,其中18个分子在两组学中表达趋势一致。功能富集分析显示,这些共趋势分子主要参与轴突生成、细胞骨架动态调节及长链脂肪酸转运。与人类AD数据库比对后,发现18个共趋势分子中11个基因与人类海马AD数据库筛中的差异基因表达一致,互作网络鉴定出
Aldoc
、
Aldh6a1
、
Etnppl
和
Itih3
是关键的基因,这些基因分别参与糖酵解、线粒体能量代谢、氧化应激及透明质酸代谢介导的细胞外基质重塑;另有3个差异分子(Prxl2a、Set、Plin4)在AD患者海马数据库中无记录。
结论
2
绝经后卵巢雌激素缺乏可能通过下调海马
Aldoc
、
Etnppl
和
Aldh6a1
3个关键基因影响线粒体能量代谢、下调海马
Itih3
基因表达介导细胞外基质稳定性,上述各种效应协同抑制海马轴突再生能力、破坏细胞骨架稳定性、阻碍长链脂肪酸转运,最终驱动AD的发生和病理进程。
Objective The incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in postmenopausal women is significantly increased with ageing. Menopause induced ovarian estrogen deficiency has been regarded as one of the causative risk factor of AD
but currently the detail mechanisms underlying estrogen regulation on the hippocampus remain unclear. This study aimed to uncover the potential pathways and key molecules through which estrogen deficiency induced by ovariectomy promotes AD pathogenesis by integrating transcriptomic and proteomic analyses. Methods The ovariectomy (OVX) mouse model was established to simulate postmenopausal estrogen decline. Transcriptomic (
n
=3) and proteomic (
n
=3) differences in the hippocampal tissues of OVX mice were analyzed using RNA sequencing and protein mass spectrometry. Co-trend molecules identified from both omics datasets were subjected to GO/KEGG enrichment and cluster analyses. These molecules were further compared with the human AD hippocampal database (AlzDate) for expression trend consistency; and online resources such as String
GeneCards/Uniports were employed to analyze protein interactions and networks of the co-trend genes to identify key molecules. Results A total of 139 differentially expressed genes (DEG) and 248 differentially expressed proteins (DEP) were identified
with
18 molecules showing consistent expression trends in both omics. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that these molecules were primarily involved in axonogenesis
cytoskeleton dynamics regulation
and long-chain fatty acid transport. After comparison with the human AD database
11 of the 18 co-trend molecules exhibited expression inhibition consistent with AD-associated genes in the human hippocampal databases. Interaction network analysis identified
Aldoc
(involved in glycolysis)
Aldh6a1
(involved in ROS scavenging)
Etnppl
(involved in mitochondrial energy metabolism)
and
Itih3
(involved in hyaluronic acid-mediated extracellular matrix remodeling) as key genes contributing to AD pathogenesis. Additionally
3 co-trend molecules (Prxl2a
Set
Plin4) were not detected in human AD databases. Conclusion Postmenopausal estrogen deficiency decreases the expression levels of hippocampal
Aldoc
Etnppl
and
Aldh6a1
then affects mitochondrial energy metabolism; and decreases levels of
Itih3
expression then disables extracellular matrix remodeling. These effects collectively impair hippocampal axonal regenerative capacity
destabilize the cytoskeleton
and hinder the transport of long-chain fatty acids
ultimately driving the progression of AD pathology.
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