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1.重庆医科大学附属口腔医院牙周科,重庆
2.口腔疾病研究重庆市重点实验室,重庆
3.口腔生物医学工程重庆市高校市级重点实验室,重庆
4.重庆市卫生健康委口腔生物医学工程重点实验室,重庆
危晶晶,E-mail:xiaojingling@hospital.cqmu.edu.cn
收稿日期:2025-05-06,
修回日期:2025-07-04,
录用日期:2025-07-05,
纸质出版日期:2025-08-15
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王凯,李永凯,黄姣,等.新型二甲双胍碳点促进炎症微环境下人牙周膜干细胞成骨分化[J].陆军军医大学学报,2025,47(15):1760-1770.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202505002.
WANG K,LI Y K,HUANG J,et al.Novel metformin carbon dots promote osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells under inflammatory microenvironment[J].J Army Med Univ,2025,47(15):1760-1770.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202505002.
王凯,李永凯,黄姣,等.新型二甲双胍碳点促进炎症微环境下人牙周膜干细胞成骨分化[J].陆军军医大学学报,2025,47(15):1760-1770.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202505002. DOI:
WANG K,LI Y K,HUANG J,et al.Novel metformin carbon dots promote osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells under inflammatory microenvironment[J].J Army Med Univ,2025,47(15):1760-1770.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202505002. DOI:
目的
2
拟制备一种新型二甲双胍碳点(metformin carbon dots, MCDs),以促进炎症微环境下人牙周膜干细胞(human periodontal ligament stem cells, hPDLSCs)的成骨分化潜能。
方法
2
以二甲双胍(metformin, Met)为前体,分别联合柠檬酸(citric acid, CA)、抗坏血酸(ascorbic acid, AA)或羧甲基壳聚糖(carboxymethyl chitosan, CS)通过一步水热法合成3种不同类型的MCDs(分别记为MCDsCA、MCDsAA、MCDsCS),通过透射电镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪和紫外-可见分光光度计等表征其理化特性。使用CCK-8、激光共聚焦显微镜评估3种MCDs的生物相容性及其细胞摄取能力。采用碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase, ALP)染色和ALP活性测定筛选出在炎症微环境下促进hPDLSCs成骨分化效果最佳的MCDs类型。通过ALP和茜素红S(alizarin red S,ARS)染色、qRT-PCR、Western blot等实验评估最适浓度下MCDsCS及其原料(Met+CS)对炎症微环境下hPDLSCs成骨分化的影响。
结果
2
成功合成3种具备良好理化性质和生物相容性的纳米级MCDs,且其均能被hPDLSCs成功摄取。MCDsCA和MCDsAA在较低浓度(0~0.50 mg/mL)内均能显著促进hPDLSCs的增殖,MCDsCS在较宽浓度(0~2.00 mg/mL)内表现出优异的细胞相容性;在炎症微环境下,MCDsCA和MCDsAA对hPDLSCs的ALP表达无明显改善,而MCDsCS则以浓度依赖性方式显著促进hPDLSCs的ALP表达,以0.10 mg/mL效果最佳(
P
<
0.05)。0.10 mg/mL的MCDsCS相较于Met+CS更能显著促进炎症微环境下hPDLSCs的ALP表达和钙结节形成,提高成骨相关基因(
ALP、
Runt相关转录因子2、Ⅰ型胶原、骨钙素)和蛋白质(ALP、Runt相关转录因子2、骨钙素)的表达(
P
<
0.01),降低炎症因子白细胞介素-1β和白细胞介素-6的水平(
P
<
0.01)。
结论
2
成功制备出一种生物相容性良好的新型MCDsCS,可有效促进炎症微环境下hPDLSCs的成骨分化,并发挥抗炎作用,有望成为牙周炎治疗的潜在纳米材料。
Objective To develop novel metformin carbon dots (MCDs) with superior performance to enhance the osteogenic differentiation potential of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) under inflammatory conditions. Methods Three types of MCDs-MCDsCA
MCDsAA
and MCDsCS were synthesized
via
a one-step hydrothermal method using metformin (Met) in combination with citric acid (CA)
ascorbic acid (AA)
and carboxymethyl chitosan (CS)
respectively. Their physicochemical properties were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)
and UV-visible spectrophotometry. The biocompatibility and cellular uptake of the MCDs were assessed using CCK-8 assay and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and ALP activity assay were conducted to identify the most effective MCDs type in promoting osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs under inflammatory conditions. Subsequently
ALP and Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining
qRT-P
CR
and Western blotting were performed to assess the effects of the optimal concentration of MCDsCS and its raw material (Met+CS) on osteogenic differentiation under inflammatory conditions. Results All 3 types of nanoscale MCDs exhibited favorable physicochemical characteristics and biocompatibility
and could be effectively internalized by hPDLSCs. Both MCDsCA and MCDsAA significantly promoted hPDLSCs proliferation at lower concentrations (0~0.50 mg/mL)
while MCDsCS exhibited excellent cytocompatibility over a broader range (0~2.00 mg/mL). Under inflammatory conditions
MCDsCA and MCDsAA showed no significant effect on ALP expression in hPDLSCs
whereas MCDsCS significantly enhanced ALP expression in a dose-dependent manner
with the optimal effect observed at 0.10 mg/mL (
P
<
0.05). Compared to Met+CS
0.10 mg/mL MCDsCS significantly enhanced ALP expression and calcium nodule formation under inflammatory conditions. It also upregulated the expression of osteogenesis-related genes (
ALP
RUNX2
COL-1
OCN
) and proteins (ALP
RUNX2
OCN) (
P
<
0.01)
while reducing the levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 (
P
<
0.01). Conclusion A novel MCDsCS with sound biocompatibility is successfully developed
and can effectively promote osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs and exerts anti-inflammatory effects under inflammatory conditions
indicating its potential as a nanotherapeutic agent for periodontitis-associated bone regeneration.
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