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陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)基础医学院基础医学教学实验中心,重庆
胡 波,教授,博士生导师,陆军军医大学基础医学教学实验中心主任,陆军军医大学“重点人才扶持对象”。兼任中国睡眠研究会睡眠生理与药理专委会委员,国家自然科学基金“睡眠及睡眠障碍的机制与干预新策略研究重大专项”“国家自然科学基金面上项目”通讯评审专家,Nature Communications、Journal of Neuroscience等杂志特邀审稿专家。主要从事睡眠促进记忆巩固的神经机制、促进或删除特定记忆的方法等方面的研究;主持国家自然科学基金5项、军队后勤科研重点项目子课题1项、军委科技委国防创新培育项目1项、重庆市自然科学基金2项;以第一、通信作者在Neuron、Journal of Neuroscience、Cerebral Cortex、Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 等杂志发表论文20篇 。E-mail: bohu@tmmu. edu. cn
收稿日期:2025-01-10,
修回日期:2025-02-01,
纸质出版日期:2025-02-28
移动端阅览
胡波,谭萱.睡眠与记忆巩固[J].陆军军医大学学报,2025,47(04):290-297.
HU Bo,TAN Xuan.Sleep and memory consolidation[J].J Army Med Univ,2025,47(04):290-297.
胡波,谭萱.睡眠与记忆巩固[J].陆军军医大学学报,2025,47(04):290-297. DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202504093.
HU Bo,TAN Xuan.Sleep and memory consolidation[J].J Army Med Univ,2025,47(04):290-297. DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202504093.
记忆是指大脑将从机体内、外部获取的信息保存一段时间的生理过程。在大脑中,散在分布于不同脑区的神经元集群将经历过的场景或事件信息进行编码并形成记忆,从而能提取出来以指导个体在未来类似场景或事件中的行为。除非被巩固,新形成的记忆往往快速消退。睡眠是一种具有多种生理功能的大脑状态,包括非快速眼动(non-rapid eye movement sleep,NREM)睡眠和快速眼动(rapid eye movement,REM)睡眠两个时相。记忆形成的涉及编码、巩固和提取3个过程。睡眠总时间减少或者睡眠片段化会导致多种类型记忆巩固的受损,表明促进记忆巩固是睡眠的重要生理功能之一。本文总结了NREM睡眠和REM睡眠参与记忆巩固的实验证据,并探讨了睡眠可能通过记忆重激活和突触修饰等机制促进记忆巩固。未来的研究方向可能包括进一步探索睡眠如何协调突触“降尺度”和“升尺度”、REM睡眠如何与NREM睡眠协作互补、神经胶质细胞在睡眠促进记忆巩固中的作用,以及控制NREM和REM睡眠的脑区是否以及如何直接参与记忆巩固的调控。
Memory refers to the physiological process in which the brain is able to keep the information obtained from both internal and external sources over an extended period of time. In the brain
neuronal ensembles distributed across multiple regions encode information about past scenes or events and form long-term memories
which then can guide individuals' behavior in similar scenes or events. Unless been consolidated
these newly-formed memories decay quickly. Sleep is a brain state with multiple physiological functions
including non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Memory formation involves 3 processes: encoding
consolidation
and retrieval. Both reduced sleep time and fragmented sleep can lead to the impaired consolidation of various types of memory
indicating that one of the important physiological functions of sleep is beneficial for the memory consolidation. In this article
we summarizes the critical evidence that NREM sleep and REM sleep are involved in memory consolidation
and discuss how sleep promotes memory consolidation through the mechanisms such as ensemble reactivation and synaptic modification. Future researches may include further exploration on how sleep coordinates synaptic "down-scaling" with "up-scaling"
how REM sleep complements with NREM sleep
the involvement of glial cells activity during sleep in memory consolidation
and whether and how brain regions controlling NREM and REM sleep directly participates in the regulation of memory consolidation.
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