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1.贵州医科大学附属医院:,血液科,贵州省血液研究所,贵州省造血干细胞移植中心实验室,贵州贵阳
3.贵州医科大学附属医院:,妇产科,贵州省精准医学研究所,贵州贵阳;贵州医科大学:,贵州贵阳
3.贵州医科大学附属医院:,临床医学院,贵州贵阳
4.贵州医科大学附属医院:,医学检验学院临床生物化学系,贵州贵阳
李梦醒,E-mail:lmx1234@gmc.edu.cn
李琴山,E-mail:liqinshan@gmc.edu.cn
收稿日期:2025-03-02,
修回日期:2025-05-20,
纸质出版日期:2025-07-15
移动端阅览
康忠敏,李历程,黄玉莹,等.多发性骨髓瘤患者基于铜死亡相关基因预后模型的构建与验证[J].陆军军医大学学报,2025,47(13):1522-1535.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202503002.
KANG Z M,LI L C,HUANG Y Y,et al.Construction and validation of a prognostic model based on cuproptosis-related genes in patients with multiple myeloma[J].J Army Med Univ,2025,47(13):1522-1535.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202503002.
康忠敏,李历程,黄玉莹,等.多发性骨髓瘤患者基于铜死亡相关基因预后模型的构建与验证[J].陆军军医大学学报,2025,47(13):1522-1535.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202503002. DOI:
KANG Z M,LI L C,HUANG Y Y,et al.Construction and validation of a prognostic model based on cuproptosis-related genes in patients with multiple myeloma[J].J Army Med Univ,2025,47(13):1522-1535.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202503002. DOI:
目的
2
探讨多发性骨髓瘤(multiple myeloma,MM)患者中潜在的铜死亡相关基因(cuproptosis-related genes,CRGs),并建立一个改善MM患者预后和揭示MM免疫微环境特征的预后模型。
方法
2
① 利用基因表达综合(gene expression omnibus,GEO)数据库中GSE4581数据集和癌症基因组图谱-多发性骨髓瘤研究基金会(the cancer genome atlas-multiple myeloma research foundation,TCGA-MMRF)数据库的转录组测序数据及临床资料,TCGA-MMRF患者(
n
=859)为训练集,GEO数据库中GSE4581数据集MM患者(
n
=414)为验证集。采用LASSO-Cox和多变量Cox回归分析构建预后模型并计算风险评分,根据风险评分中位数,将所有患者分为高风险和低风险队列。采用时间依赖性受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic, ROC)曲线和校准曲线评估模型的预测能力及准确性,通过Kaplan-Meier生存曲线、免疫微环境相关性分析探究高低风险队列的差异。②利用RT-qPCR和Western blot实验验证预后模型基因在MM细胞和正常骨髓单个核细胞中的表达,采用CCK-8、流式细胞术及Western blot实验验证
UBE2D1
在MM细胞中的生物学功能。
结果
2
① LASSO-Cox和多变量Cox回归分析发现该模型由
CDKN2A
[
HR
=1.60(95%
CI
:1.24~2.05),
P
=2.5e-4]、
PDE3B
[HR=1.33(95%
CI
:1.09~1.62),
P
=4.2e-3]、
UBE2D1
[HR=1.65(95%
CI
:1.20~2.26),
P
=2.1e-3]和
COA6
[HR=1.35(95%
CI
:1.07~1.71),
P
=0.01]4
个基因构成。在训练集中,时间依赖性ROC曲线预测1、3、5年生存率的曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)分别为0.63、0.71、0.78,在验证集中,时间依赖性ROC曲线预测1、3、5年生存率的AUC分别为0.656、0.657、0.797,通过校准曲线显示在预测1、3、5年预后具有极好的一致性。在训练集中,Kaplan-Meier曲线显示高风险队列患者的总生存期(overall survival,OS)明显短于低风险队列[HR=2.18(95%
CI
:1.58~3.02),
P
<
0.001],在验证集中,Kaplan-Meier曲线仍显示高风险队列患者比低风险队列的OS更短[HR=2.45(95%
CI
:1.49~4.05),
P
<
0.001]。免疫相关性分析发现免疫细胞如浆细胞、CD4
+
T细胞在高风险队列中显著下调(
P
<
0.05),风险评分与免疫检查点CTLA-4、肿瘤靶向治疗免疫抑制因子TNFSF4、ENTPD1及微环境趋化因子CXCL16、CCL8、CCL16呈显著正相关(
P
<
0.05)。②与正常骨髓单个核细胞相比,4个预后模型基因在MM细胞中均有表达差异(
P
<
0.05),且敲低UBE2D1可显著抑制MM细胞增殖(
P
<
0.05)。
结论
2
基于
CDKN2A
、
PDE3B
、
UBE2D1
和
COA6
基因成功构成的预后模型可预测MM患者预后,其风险评分与肿瘤微环境免疫浸润显著相关,为个体化治疗提供新分子标志物。
Objective To explore the potential cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and develop a prognostic model for improving prognosis and revealing features of the MM immune microenvironment. Methods ① Transcriptome sequencing data and clinical information were retrieved from the GSE4581 dataset in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and the Cancer Genome Atlas-Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation (TCGA-MMRF) database. The 859 patients from the TCGA-MMRF database were assigned into a training set, and the other 414 ones from the GSE4581 dataset into a validation set. LASSO-Cox and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to construct prognostic models and calculate risk scores. Based on the median risk score, they were categorized into high- and low-risk cohorts. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and calibration curves were plotted to assess the predictive performance and accuracy of the model. The differences between the high- and low-risk cohorts were explored using Kaplan-Meier survival curve analys
is and immune microenvironment correlation analysis. ② RT-qPCR and Western blotting were used to verify the expression of prognostic model genes in MM cell lines and normal bone marrow single-nucleated cells, and CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, and Western blotting were applied to verify the biological function of UBE2D1 in MM cells. Results ① LASSO-Cox and multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed that the model consisted of 4 genes, CDKN2A [HR=1.60 (95%CI: 1.24~2.05), P=2.5e-4], PDE3B [HR=1.33 (95%CI: 1.09~1.62), P=4.2e-3], UBE2D1 [HR=1.65 (95%CI: 1.20~2.26), P=2.1e-3] and COA6 [HR=1.35 (95%CI: 1.07~1.71), P=0.01]. In the training set, the time-dependent ROC curves predicted that the area under curve (AUC) value of 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rate was 0.63, 0.71, and 0.78, respectively, and in the validation set, the AUC value was 0.656, 0.657, and 0.797, respectively. Calibration curve analysis showed excellent agreement in predicting 1-, 3-, and 5-year prognosis. In the training set, Kaplan-Meier curves showed that patients in the high-risk cohort had a significantly shorter overall survival (OS) than the low-risk cohort [HR=2.18 (95%CI: 1.58~3.02), P
<
0.001], and in the validation set, the high-risk cohort still had a shorter OS than the low-risk cohort [HR=2.45 (95%CI: 1.49~4.05), P
<
0.001]. Immune correlation analysis revealed that the ratios of immune cells, such as plasma cells and CD4
+
T cells were significantly lower in the high-risk cohort (P
<
0.05), and the risk scores were positively correlated with the expression of immune checkpoint CTLA-4, tumor-targeted therapeutic sites TNFSF4 and ENTPD1, and microenvironmental chemokines CXCL16, CCL8, and CCL16 (P
<
0.05). ② Remarkable differences were observed in the expression of all 4 prognostic model genes between the MM cell lines and normal bone marrow single-nucleated cells (P
<
0.05), and knockdown of UBE2D1 notably inhibited the proliferation of MM cells (P
<
0.05). Conclusion Our prognostic models based on CDKN2A, PDE3B, UBE2
D1, and COA6 genes can predict the prognosis of MM patients. The risk scores of the genes are significantly correlated with immune infiltration in the tumor microenvironment, which providing new molecular markers for individualized therapy.
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