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重庆医科大学公共卫生学院,教育部生殖与发育国际联合研究实验室,重庆
韩 飞,E-mail: han16897723@163.com
收稿日期:2025-02-08,
修回日期:2025-05-15,
录用日期:2025-05-20,
纸质出版日期:2025-08-15
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李燚,文乙先,蔡景,等.聚苯乙烯微塑料长期暴露诱导睾丸支持细胞铁死亡[J].陆军军医大学学报,2025,47(15):1720-1728.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202502021.
LI Y,WEN Y X,CAI J,et al.Chronic exposure to polystyrene microplastics induces ferroptosis in testicular Sertoli cells[J].J Army Med Univ,2025,47(15):1720-1728.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202502021.
李燚,文乙先,蔡景,等.聚苯乙烯微塑料长期暴露诱导睾丸支持细胞铁死亡[J].陆军军医大学学报,2025,47(15):1720-1728.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202502021. DOI:
LI Y,WEN Y X,CAI J,et al.Chronic exposure to polystyrene microplastics induces ferroptosis in testicular Sertoli cells[J].J Army Med Univ,2025,47(15):1720-1728.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202502021. DOI:
目的
2
探究聚苯乙烯微塑料(polystyrene microplastics,PS-MPs)长期低剂量暴露是否诱导睾丸支持细胞发生铁死亡导致睾丸损伤。
方法
2
40只8周龄C57BL/6雄性小鼠按随机数字抽样法分为(
n
=20):对照组(去离子水)、处理组[PS-MPs,2.5 mg/(kg·d)],每日灌胃1次,持续12个月;HE染色及普鲁士蓝染色检测睾丸组织病理损伤及Fe
2+
蓄积情况;电子透射显微镜观察睾丸支持细胞线粒体形态。使用小鼠睾丸支持细胞系TM4作为研究模型,分为Con组(常规培养)和MPs组(PS-MPs,2.5 μg/mL),2组细胞均连续处理至第100代,显微镜下观察细胞形态变化;CCK-8检测细胞活性变化,活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)探针、线粒体膜电位探针(JC-1)分别检测TM4细胞ROS和线粒体膜电位(mitochondrial membrane potential, MMP);利用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡情况;Fe
2+
试剂盒检测细胞内Fe
2+
含量;Western blot检测组织和细胞内铁死亡关键分子的蛋白表达水平。
结果
2
PS-MPs长期暴露后,与对照组相比,处理组小鼠睾丸组织曲细精管直径和厚度显著降低(
P
<
0.01),睾丸支持细胞数量减少(
P
<
0.05);睾丸支持细胞线粒体呈现铁死亡特征性改变,睾丸组织Fe
2+
蓄积增加;PS-MPs暴露可下调铁死亡关键分子谷胱甘肽过氧化酶4(glutathione peroxidase 4, GPX4)和铁蛋白轻链(ferritin light chain, FTL)蛋白表达水平(
P
<
0.05)。在细胞模型中,PS-MPs长期染毒导致TM4细胞形态改变、活性显著降低(
P
<
0.05),ROS水平明显升高(
P
<
0.01),MMP显著降低(
P
<
0.05);PS-MPs暴露后TM4细胞未发生明显凋亡,但细胞内Fe
2+
含量显著升高(
P
<
0.01);PS-MPs暴露可下调GPX4和FTL蛋白表达水平(
P
<
0.05)。
结论
2
PS-MPs长期低剂量暴露可以诱导睾丸支持细胞线粒体损伤和氧化应激,并激活铁死亡途径,导致小鼠睾丸损伤。
Objective To investigate whether long-term low-dose exposure to polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) induces ferroptosis in testicular Sertoli cells and then leads to testicular injury.Methods Forty 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into a control group (deionized water group) and a PS-MPs group [2.5 mg/(kg·d)
]
with 20 mice in each group. Corresponding agents were gavaged once a day for 12 consecutive months. HE staining and Prussian blue staining were used to detect histopathological damage and accumulation of ferrous ions in the testes. Electron transmission microscopy was employed to observe the mitochondrial morphology of testicular Sertoli cells. Mouse Sertoli cell line TM4 was divided into a Con group (standard culture) and an MPs group (2.5 μg/mL PS-MPs). After both groups underwent continuous exposure and passed up to the 100th generation
morphological changes were observed under the microscope; cell viability was detected with CCK8 assay
and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were detected with a ROS probe and a mitochondrial membrane potential probe (JC-1)
respectively. Flow cytometry
ferrous ion (Fe
2+
) kit and Western blotting were applied to detect cell apoptosis
intracellular iron ion content
and protein levels of key molecules of ferroptosis in tissues and cells. Results Long-term exposure to PS-MPs resulted in significantly reduced diameter and thickness of mouse varicocele (
P
<
0.01)
fewer testicular Sertoli cells (
P
<
0.05)
with characteristic ferroptosis alterations in the mitochondria
and increased accumulation of ferrous ions in testicular tissue. Exposure to PS-MPs down-regulated the key molecules of ferroptosis
glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and ferritin light chain (FTL) when compared with the control group (
P
<
0.05). In the cell model
long-term PS-MPs exposure led to morphological changes and decreased cell viability (
P
<
0.05)
more production of ROS (
P
<
0.01)
and decrease in MMP (
P
<
0.05) of TM4 cells. The exposure had no effect on cell apoptosis
but elevated the intracellular content of ferric ions (
P
<
0.01)
and down-regulated GPX4 and FTL protein levels (
P
<
0.05). Conclusion Long-term low-dose exposure to PS-MPs induces mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress in testicular Sertoli cells
activates the ferroptosis pathway
and ultimately leads to testicular injury in mice.
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