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陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)第一附属医院肿瘤科,重庆
梁后杰,E-mail:lianghoujie@sina.com
收稿日期:2024-10-10,
修回日期:2025-01-20,
纸质出版日期:2025-06-15
移动端阅览
王一洁,李建军,王雪松,等.线粒体自噬对胰腺癌恶病质肌萎缩的作用研究[J].陆军军医大学学报,2025,47(11):1190-1198.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202410021.
WANG Y J,LI J J,WANG X S,et al.Role of mitophagy in pancreatic cancer cachexia-induced muscle atrophy[J].J Army Med Univ,2025,47(11):1190-1198.DOI:10.16016/j.2097-0927.202410021.
目的
2
探究线粒体自噬在胰腺癌恶病质肌肉萎缩中的作用及其潜在机制。
方法
2
采用随机数字表法将8周龄雄性C57BL/6J小鼠(
n
=6,体质量20~30 g)分为对照组(
n
=3,胰腺原位注射生理盐水)和恶病质组(
n
=3,胰腺原位注射KPC1199细胞,建立胰腺癌模型)。建模完成后,采集2组小鼠的腓肠肌组织,使用透射电镜观察线粒体超微结构;通过Western blot检测线粒体呼吸链复合体Ⅰ-Ⅳ及自噬相关蛋白的表达,免疫荧光染色观察腓肠肌中线粒体溶酶体共定位。细胞实验中,将C2C12成肌细胞诱导分化为肌管后,分为对照组(常规培养)和恶病质组(通过共培养小室与KPC1199细胞共培养48 h)。通过免疫荧光染色及Western blot分别观察线粒体溶酶体共定位和线粒体自噬相关蛋白的表达。在共培养体系中加入线粒体分裂抑制剂,通过免疫荧光染色评估肌管直径。
结果
2
与对照组比较,恶病质组小鼠腓肠肌线粒体肿胀、嵴减少,线粒体溶酶体共定位显著增多。Western blot检测显示,与对照组比较,线粒体呼吸链复合体Ⅰ(1.00±0.04
vs
0.51±0.04,
P
<
0.05)、复合体Ⅱ(1.00±0.13
vs
0.73±0.15,
P
<
0.05)、复合体Ⅲ(1.00±0.20
vs
0.64±0.01,
P
<
0.05)、复合体Ⅳ(1.06±0.06
vs
0.65±0.02,
P
<
0.05)和PGC-1α(1.00±0.03
vs
0.62±0.06,
P
<
0.05)表达降低,线粒体自噬标志物LC3-Ⅰ/Ⅱ(1.00±0.14
vs
1.65±0.25,
P
<
0.05)、PINK1(1.00±0.11
vs
1.51±0.05,
P
<
0.05)和BNIP3(1.00±0.22
vs
2.02±0.10,
P
<
0.05)表达升高。在C2C12肌管模型中,肿瘤细胞共培养组线粒体溶酶体共定位较对照组增多,线粒体自噬相关蛋白表达增高,变化趋势与动物模型一致。加入20 μmol/L线粒体分裂抑制剂干预后,肌管直径从(220.6±35.5)μm增至(315.0±39.1)μm(
R
²=0.666 5,
P
<
0.05)。
结论
2
胰腺癌恶病质萎缩肌肉中线粒体自噬激活,体外抑制线粒体自噬可有效减缓肿瘤诱导的肌管萎缩。
Objective To
e
xplore the role of mitophagy in pancreatic c
ancer cachexia-induced muscle atrophy and its underlying mechanism. Methods Six male C57BL/6J mice (8 weeks old
weighing 20~30 g) were equally and randomly divided into a control group (intrapancreatic injection of normal saline) and a cachexia group (orthotopic pancreatic injection of KPC1199 cells). After successful model establishment
gastrocnemius muscles were harvested for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to assess mitochondrial ultrastructure. Western blotting was performed to quantify mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes (Ⅰ~Ⅳ) and autophagy-related proteins
while immunofluorescence staining was conducted to evaluate mitochondrial-lysosomal colocalization. In
in vitro
experiments
C2C12 myoblasts were differentiated into myotubes
and then divided into a control group (standard culture) and a cachexia group (co-cultured with KPC1199 cells for 48 h using transwell chambers). Mitochondrial-lysosomal colocalization and autophagy-related protein expression were analyzed with immunofluorescence assay and Western blotting. The mitochondrial division inhibitor Mdivi-1 (20 μmol/L) was added to the co-culture system to assess its myotube diameter. Results Compared to the control mice
the cachectic mice exhibited mitochondrial swelling
reduced cristae density
and significantly increased mitochondrial-lysosomal colocalization in gastrocnemius muscle (
P
<
0.05). Western blotting revealed the expression levels of mitochondrial respiratory chain proteins complexⅠ (1.00±0.04
vs
0.51±0.04
P
<
0.05)
complexⅡ (1.00±0.13
vs
0.73±0.15
P
<
0.05)
complexⅢ (1.00±0.20
vs
0.64±0.01
P
<
0.05)
complexⅣ (1.00±0.06
vs
0.65±0.02
P
<
0.05) and PGC1α (1.00±0.03
vs
0.62±0.06
P
<
0.05) were decreased
and the levels of mitophagy markers
LC3-Ⅰ/Ⅱ (1.00±0.14
vs
1.65±0.25
P
<
0.05)
PINK1 (1.00±0.11
vs
1.51±0.05
P
<
0.05)
and BNIP3 (1.00±0.22
vs
2.02±0.10
P
<
0.05) were elevated when compared to the control. In the C2C12 myotube model
tumor cell co-culture increased mitochondrial-lysosomal colocalization and upregulated mitophagy-related protein expression (
P
<
0.05)
consistent with the
in vivo
findings. Mdivi-1 treatment increased myotube diameter from 220.6±35.5 μm to 315.0±39.1 μm (
R
²=0.666 5
P
<
0.05). Conclusion Mitophagy is activated in pancreatic cancer cachexia-induced muscle atrophy. Inhibiting mitophagy can effectively alleviate muscle atrophy induced by pancreatic cancer cachexia.
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