基于解剖测量的比格犬下颌前磨牙区口腔种植位点的确定

谢晨曦; 付小明; 徐凌; 胡娜

doi:10.16016/j.1000-5404.201712249

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基于解剖测量的比格犬下颌前磨牙区口腔种植位点的确定

基础医学 | 更新时间：2026-01-09

- 基于解剖测量的比格犬下颌前磨牙区口腔种植位点的确定
- Determination of insertion sites for dental implantation in the mandibular premolar region in Beagle dogs based on anatomical measurement
- 第三军医大学学报 2018年40卷第14期页码：1279-1285
- 作者机构：
  
  1.400015 重庆，重庆医科大学附属口腔医院修复科
  2.401120 重庆，口腔疾病与生物医学重庆市重点实验室
  3.401120 重庆，重庆市高校市级口腔生物医学工程重点实验室
- 作者简介：
  
  [付小明，E-mail：30099376@qq.com FU Xiaoming, E-mail: 30099376@qq.com
- 基金信息：
  
  国家自然科学基金面上项目(81400572);重庆市卫生计生委医学科研项目(2015MSXM048);2015重庆市卫生计生委医疗科研项目(2015ZDXM018)
- DOI：10.16016/j.1000-5404.201712249
  中图分类号： R-332; R323.1; R783.6
- 收稿：2017-12-26，
  
  修回：2018-02-17，
  
  纸质出版：2018-07-30
- 稿件说明：
移动端阅览
谢晨曦, 付小明, 徐凌, 等. 基于解剖测量的比格犬下颌前磨牙区口腔种植位点的确定[J]. 第三军医大学学报, 2018,40(14):1279-1285.

Chenxi XIE, Xiaoming FU, Ling XU, et al. Determination of insertion sites for dental implantation in the mandibular premolar region in Beagle dogs based on anatomical measurement[J]. Journal of Third Military Medical University, 2018, 40(14): 1279-1285.
谢晨曦, 付小明, 徐凌, 等. 基于解剖测量的比格犬下颌前磨牙区口腔种植位点的确定[J]. 第三军医大学学报, 2018,40(14):1279-1285. DOI： 10.16016/j.1000-5404.201712249.

Chenxi XIE, Xiaoming FU, Ling XU, et al. Determination of insertion sites for dental implantation in the mandibular premolar region in Beagle dogs based on anatomical measurement[J]. Journal of Third Military Medical University, 2018, 40(14): 1279-1285. DOI： 10.16016/j.1000-5404.201712249.

摘要

目的

通过分别测量比格犬拔除的下颌前磨牙牙根和拔牙创愈合后的下颌骨的相关解剖结构，为即刻种植和延期种植研究提供关于种植安全区的确定和种植体尺寸的选择建议，指导种植体的安全植入。

方法

10只12月龄雄性比格犬，拔除下颌前磨牙(P1~P4)，游标卡尺测量前磨牙的牙根长度与颈部颊舌径；3个月后，游离下颌骨，定位并测量尖牙根尖和颏孔在下颌前磨牙区中的位置，并测量尖牙和颏孔范围外的前磨牙区种植安全区段的延期种植3个最佳植入位点的牙槽嵴顶宽度和管嵴距。

结果

即刻种植模型相关的解剖测量结果显示：P1~P4牙根长度依次递增，P2、P3、P4的远中根直径略大于近中根，近中根长度略长于远中根。单根牙P1牙根长度(L)：(7.65±0.39)mm，颈部颊舌径(φ)：(2.67±0.27)mm；双根牙P2~P4近中根长度(ML)：(8.78±0.34)、(9.18±0.26)、(11.18±0.42)mm；近中根颈部颊舌径(Mφ)：(2.72±0.23)、(3.10±0.18)、(4.13±0.20)mm；远中根长度(DL)：(8.44±0.62)、(8.67±0.45)、(10.90±0.38)mm，远中根颈部颊舌径(Dφ)：(3.02±0.20)、(3.34±0.24)、(4.53±0.26)mm。延期种植模型相关解剖测量结果显示：尖牙根尖及颏孔定位稳定，分别位于下颌骨前磨牙骨段的(28.0±2.8)%和(34.8±2.7)%；安全种植区3个种植位点的管嵴距：H1：(7.22±0.70)mm，H2:(8.19±0.73)mm，H3：(9.16±0.67)mm；牙槽嵴顶宽度：W1：(5.33±0.50)mm，W2：(5.83±0.57)mm，W3：(6.39±0.57)mm。

结论

第1前磨牙(P1)位点不是理想的即刻或者延期种植位点，延期种植安全区为颏孔远中点到第1磨牙的颌骨段；即刻种植或延期种植研究中建议选择长度为“短”(6~10 mm)或“超短”(≤6 mm)，直径为“窄”(3.0~3.75 mm)或“超窄”(＜3.0 mm)的种植体。

Abstract

Objective

To measure the length and diameter of the mandibular premolar roots and observe the anatomical characteristics of the healed mandible of Beagle dogs to determine the safe implantation region and adequate size of the implants for immediate or delayed dental implantation.

Methods

The premolars (P1-P4) of 10 male Beagle dogs (12 months old

weighing 10-12 kg) were extracted and the length and diameter of the roots were measured using a Vernier caliper. Three months later

the location of the mental foramen and the root apex of the healed mandible were measured. The canal-crest distance and the width of the alveolar ridge crest of 3 insertion sites in the safe implantation region that did not cover the canine teeth and mental foremen were determined.

Results

In the immediate implantation models

anatomical measurements showed that the length of the roots increased from P1 to P4

and the diameters of the distal roots of P2

P3 and P4 were slightly larger than those of the mesial roots

and the lengths of the mesial roots were slightly longer than those of the distal roots. For the single-rooted premolar P1

the root length was 7.65±0.39 mm and the diameter of the root cervix was 2.67±0.27 mm; for the two-rooted premolars P2-P4

the lengths of the mesial root were 8.78±0.34

9.18±0.26 mm

and 11.18±0.42 mm

the diameters of the mesial root cervix were 2.72±0.23

3.10±0.18

and 4.13±0.20 mm

the lengths of the distal root were 8.44±0.62

8.67±0.45

and 10.90±0.37 mm

and the diameters of the distal root cervix were 3.02±0.20

3.34±0.24

and 4.53±0.26 mm

respectively. In the delayed implantation models

anatomical measurements showed stable locations of the mental foramen and the root apex [at (28.0±2.8)% and (34.8±2.7)% of the mandibular premolar region

respectively]. The canal-crest distances of the 3 insertion sites (H1 to H3) in the safe implantation region were 7.22±0.70

8.19±0.73

and 9.16±0.67 mm

and their corresponding widths of the alveolar ridge crest were 5.33±0.50

5.83±0.57

and 6.39±0.57 mm

respectively.

Conclusion

In Beagle dog models of immediate or delayed dental implantation

the P1 site is not suitable for implant insertion in the mandible. For delayed dental implantation

the safe premolar region is between the mental foremen and the first molar. We recommend that the implants with a "short" (6-10 mm) or "extra-short" length (≤6 mm) and with a "narrow" (3.0-3.75 mm) or "extra-narrow" diameter (< 3.0 mm) be used for immediate or delayed dental implantation.

关键词

Keywords

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