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1.中国医学科学院北京协和医学院北京协和医院,内分泌科
2.中国医学科学院北京协和医学院北京协和医院,基本外科
3.中国医学科学院北京协和医学院北京协和医院,耳鼻喉科
4.中国医学科学院北京协和医学院北京协和医院,病理科
5.中国医学科学院北京协和医学院北京协和医院,超声医学科
6.中国医学科学院北京协和医学院北京协和医院,检验科
7.中国医学科学院北京协和医学院北京协和医院,核医学科,北京 100730
李圆梦,Email:lym2013sdu@126.com,研究方向:甲状腺疾病。
李乃适,Email:LNS@medmail.com.cn。
收稿:2025-08-11,
修回:2025-09-29,
录用:2025-10-29,
纸质出版:2025-12-28
移动端阅览
李圆梦,李秉璐,李小毅,等.甲状腺髓样癌的诊断、治疗和预后:219例患者的回顾性分析[J].重庆医科大学学报,2025,50(12):1626-1633.
Li Yuanmeng,Li Binglu,Li Xiaoyi,et al.Diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma: a retrospective analysis of 219 patients[J].Journal of Chongqing Medical University,2025,50(12):1626-1633.
李圆梦,李秉璐,李小毅,等.甲状腺髓样癌的诊断、治疗和预后:219例患者的回顾性分析[J].重庆医科大学学报,2025,50(12):1626-1633. DOI: 10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003981.
Li Yuanmeng,Li Binglu,Li Xiaoyi,et al.Diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma: a retrospective analysis of 219 patients[J].Journal of Chongqing Medical University,2025,50(12):1626-1633. DOI: 10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb.003981.
目的
2
总结甲状腺髓样癌(medullary thyroid carcinoma,MTC)的诊断、治疗和预后特点,分析诊断时机对治疗及预后的影响,探讨结构复发的危险因素。
方法
2
采用回顾性队列研究,纳入北京协和医院219例MTC患者,总结其诊断方式、病理特征、治疗及预后情况。根据诊断时机分为术前诊断组和术后诊断组,比较2组间临床病理特征及预后差异。采用单因素分析和多因素logistic回归分析筛选结构复发的独立危险因素。
结果
2
MTC患者的中位年龄为47岁,女性占54.3%。MTC的术前诊断方式及灵敏度依次为:血清降钙素98.1%,血清癌胚抗原79.8%,细针穿刺细胞学检查62.4%,奥曲肽显像35.3%。47.9%的患者在术前诊断MTC,34.7%于术后诊断MTC。初次手术时,65.9%的患者存在淋巴结转移,Ⅳ期患者占比42.9%。末次随访时(中位随访时间40个月,范围:3~372个月),42.9%实现生化治愈,21.4%解剖治愈,33.3%出现结构复发。与术前诊断组相比,术后诊断组的肿瘤平均长径更小(1.39 cm vs.
1.89 cm,
P
=0.004),多病灶比例更低(18.2% vs. 34.0%,
P
=0.036),行甲状腺全切术(43.4% vs. 99.0%,
P
<
0.01)及中央区颈淋巴结清扫术(63.2% vs. 100.0%,
P
<
0.01)的比例明显降低,随访中出现结构复发的比例更高(47.6% vs. 22.5%,
P
=0.002)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,术后诊断MTC、肿瘤最大径
>
1 cm及存在淋巴结转移是患者发生结构复发的独立危险因素。
结论
2
MTC侵袭性强,但术前易被漏诊,约1/3的病例在初次术后才得以确诊。及时而准确的术前诊断有助于指导规范化手术方案的制定与实施,从而有效降低术后复发风险。
Objective
2
To summarize the diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic characteristics of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC),to analyze the impact of timing of diagnosis on treatment and prognosis, and to identify risk factors for structural recurrence.
Methods
2
This retrospective cohort study included 219 patients with MTC from Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Diagnostic modalities, pathological features, treatment approaches, and prognostic outcomes were analyzed. Patients were stratified into preoperative and postoperative diagnosis groups according to the timing of diagnosis. Clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic outcomes were compared between groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors for structural recurrence.
Results
2
The median age of these MTC patients was 47 years,and female patients accounted for 54.3%. As for the preoperative diagnostic methods for MTC,serum calcitonin had the highest sensitivity of 98.1%,followed by serum carcinoembryonic antigen(79.8%),fine-needle aspiration cytology(62.4%),and somatostatin receptor imaging(35.3%). Of all patients,47.9% were diagnosed with MTC before surgery,and 34.7% were diagnosed with MTC after surgery. At initial surgery,65.9% of the patients were found to have lymph node metastasis,and the patients with stage Ⅳ MTC accounted for 42.9%. After a median follow-up time of 40 months(range:3-372 mont
hs),42.9% of the patients achieved biochemical cure,21.4% achieved anatomical cure,and 33.3% experienced structural recurrence. Compared with the preoperative diagnosis group,the postoperative diagnosis group had a significantly smaller mean tumor diameter (1.39 cm vs. 1.89 cm,
P
=0.004),a significantly lower proportion of patients with multiple lesions(18.2% vs. 34.0%,
P
=0.036),a significantly lower proportion of patients undergoing total thyroidectomy(43.4% vs. 99.0%,
P
<
0.01) or central neck lymph node dissection(63.2% vs. 100.0%,
P
<
0.01),and a significantly higher proportion of patients with structural recurrence during follow-up(47.6% vs. 22.5%,
P
=0.002). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that postoperative diagnosis of MTC,maximum tumor diameter
>
1 cm,and lymph node metastasis were independent risk factors for structural recurrence.
Conclusion
2
MTC is highly aggressive and is often neglected before surgery,and about one-third of cases are discovered after initial surgery. Timely and accurate preoperative diagnosis can help to implement standardized surgical treatment,thereby reducing disease recurrence.
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