Objective       To explore the relationship between perceived pubertal timing together with school factors and the aggressive behavior in middle school students with different genders.       Methods       A total of 2 791 middle school students were surveyed by a questionnaire for youth development status and aggressive behavior.       Results      The score of aggressive behavior was significantly different in middle school students with different perceived pubertal timing (

F

=14.676

P

<

0.05). The score of aggressive behavior was significantly differe

nt in middle school students with different general mood of school

relationship between classmates and teachers and the number of close friends (

P

<

0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the influencing factors of male students’ aggressive behavior were general mood of school

perceived pubertal timing and the relationship with teachers (β=-0.134

-0.114

-0.098

respectively

P

<

0.05). The influencing factors of female students’ aggressive behavior were the relationship with teachers

the number of close friends

general mood of school and perceived pubertal timing (β=-0.120

-0.103

-0.102

-0.089

respectively

P

<

0.05).       Conclusion      Perceived pubertal timing together with school factors has significant impact on aggressive behavior in middle school students with different genders. As for the prevention of aggressive behavior in middle school students

school policies should aim at the male students with off-time perceived pubertal timing and the female students with early perceived pubertal timing.