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空军军医大学第一附属医院老年医学二科二病区,西安 710032
牛俪轩,Email:baopeng26421@163.com,研究方向:老年病医学。
王晓欣,Email:xjyy112233@163.com。
收稿:2026-04-02,
修回:2026-06-23,
录用:2026-07-16,
纸质出版:2026-10-27
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牛俪轩, 陈希瑶, 王庆, 等. 基于炎症因子与肠道菌群失调对老年衰弱患者营养干预疗效的预测模型构建[J/OL]. 重庆医科大学学报, 2026,1-13.
Niu Lixuan,Chen Xiyao,Wang Qing,et al.Construction of a predictive model for the outcome after nutritional intervention in elderly patients with frailty based on inflammatory factors and gut microbiota dysbiosis[J].Journal of Chongqing Medical University,
牛俪轩, 陈希瑶, 王庆, 等. 基于炎症因子与肠道菌群失调对老年衰弱患者营养干预疗效的预测模型构建[J/OL]. 重庆医科大学学报, 2026,1-13. DOI:
Niu Lixuan,Chen Xiyao,Wang Qing,et al.Construction of a predictive model for the outcome after nutritional intervention in elderly patients with frailty based on inflammatory factors and gut microbiota dysbiosis[J].Journal of Chongqing Medical University, DOI:10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb..
目的
2
探讨老年衰弱患者营养干预疗效,并构建基于炎症因子与肠道菌群失调的疗效预测模型。
方法
2
本研究为前瞻性随机对照研究,纳入2023年6月至2025年5月就诊于空军军医大学第一附属医院的老年衰弱患者301例,按随机数字表法分为观察组(
n
=151,系统性营养管理)和对照组(
n
=150,常规营养支持),干预3个月。收集临床资料,比较2组血清营养指标、营养和生活状态评分、衰弱程度,通过单因素和多因素logistic回归分析营养干预疗效的影响因素,并构建基础模型(临床特征)和完整模型(临床特征+炎症因子+肠道菌群失调);通过受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评估预测效能,采用DeLong检验比较曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC);并绘制列线图(Nomogram)(Bootstrap内部验证),通过校准曲线及决策曲线综合评价模型的效能。
结果
2
干预后,观察组血清总蛋白(serum total protein,STP)、血清前白蛋白(prealbumin,PA)、白蛋白(albumin,Alb)、转铁蛋白(transferrin,TF)水平、微型营养评估(mini nutritional assessment,MNA)评分、日常生活能力(activities of daily living,ADL)评分均高于对照组(
P
<
0.05);观察组Tilburg衰弱指数(Tilburg frailty indicator,TFI)量表的躯体衰弱、社会衰弱、心理衰弱评分和总分均低于对照组(
P
<
0.05)。干预3个月后根据营养干预疗效分为良好组(
n
=219,MNA≥24分)与不良组(
n
=82,MNA
<
24分),logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄≥75岁(
OR
=1.943,95%CI=1.039~3.631)、认知障碍(
OR
=2.451,95%CI=1.069~5.618)、肠道菌群失调(
OR
=4.658,95%CI=1.336~16.244)、Charlson合并症指数≥3分(
OR
=2.501,95%CI=1.257~4.976)以及血清C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)升高(
OR
=1.226,95%CI=1.142~1.316)、血清白细胞介素-6(
interleukin-6,IL-6)升高(
OR
=1.141,95%CI=1.080~1.205)是老年衰弱患者营养干预疗效的独立危险因素(
P
<
0.05),而体质指数(body mass index,BMI)升高(
OR
=0.577,95%CI=0.481~0.692)、采用系统性营养管理(
OR
=0.330,95%CI=0.178~0.615)是老年衰弱患者营养干预疗效的独立保护因素(
P
<
0.05)。ROC分析结果显示,完整模型预测效能(AUC=0.982,95%CI=0.965~0.998)优于基础模型(AUC=0.825,95%CI=0.771~0.879),DeLong检验
P
<
0.001,灵敏度为0.951,特异度为0.959。Nomogram预测模型内部验证显示完整模型校正后的C-index=0.982(95%CI=0.975~0.984),校准度良好,且在广泛的阈值概率范围内具有较高的临床净获益。
结论
2
系统性营养管理可改善老年衰弱患者的营养状况、衰弱状态及日常生活能力。年龄≥75岁、认知障碍、肠道菌群失调、Charlson合并症≥3分、CRP及IL-6升高是老年衰弱患者营养干预疗效不佳的独立危险因素,而BMI升高及系统性营养管理为独立保护因素,基于上述因素构建的预测模型可用于早期疗效风险评估。
Objective
2
To investigate the efficacy of nutritional intervention in elderly patients with frailty,and to construct a predictive model for the outcome after nutritional intervention based on inflammatory factors and gut microbiota dysbiosis.
Methods
2
This prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted among 301 elderly patients with frailty who were treated in The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from June 2023 to May 2025,and the patients were divided into observation group(151 patients receiving systematic nutritional management) and control group (150 patients receiving routine nutritional support) using a random number table. Both groups received intervention for 3 months. Clinical data were collected,and the two groups were compared in terms of serum nutritional indices,nutritional and functional scores,and frailty status. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify the influencing factors for the efficacy of nutritional intervention,and a basic model(clinical features) and a complete model(clinical features+inflammatory factors+gut microbiota dysbiosis) were constructed. The receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was used to assess the predictive performance of the models,and the DeLong test was used for comparison of the area under the ROC curve(AUC). A nomogram was constructed,and the Bootstrap method was used for internal validation. Calibration and decision curves were used to assess model performance.
Results
2
After intervention,compared with the control group,the observation group had significantly higher levels of serum total protein(STP),prealbumin(PA),albumin(Alb),and transferrin(TF) and significantly higher scores of Mini-Nutritional Assessment(MNA) and Activities of Daily Living(ADL)(
P
<
0.05),as well as significantly lower Tilburg Frailty Indicator(TFI) scores for physical,social,and psychological frailty and total TFI score(
P
<
0.05). After intervention for 3 months,the patients were divided into good outcome group(219 patients with an MNA score of ≥24) and poor outcome group (82 patients with an MNA score of
<
24) according to their outcome after nutritional intervention. The logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥75 years(odds ratio[
OR
]=1.943,95%CI=1.039-3.631,
P
<
0.05),cognitive impairment(
OR
=2.451,95%CI=1.069-5.618,
P
<
0.05),gut microbiota dysbiosis(
OR
=4.658,95%CI=1.336-16.244,
P
<
0.05),Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥3(
OR
=2.501,95%CI=1.257-4.976,
P
<
0.05),elevated serum C-reactive protein (CRP) (
OR
=1.226,95%CI:1.142-1.316,
P
<
0.05),and elevated serum interleukin-6(IL-6)(
OR
=1.141,95%CI=1.080-1.205,
P
<
0.05) were independent risk factors for the outcome after nutritional intervention in elderly patients with frailty,whereas an increase in body mass index(BMI)(
OR
=0.577,95%CI=0.481-0.692,
P
<
0.05) and systematic nutritional management(
OR
=0.330,95%CI=0.178-0.615,
P
<
0.05) were independent protective factors. The ROC curve analysis showed that the complete model(AUC=0.982,95%CI=0.965-0.998) had a significantly better predictive performance than the basic model(AUC=0.825,95%CI=0.771-0.879) (DeLong test
P
<
0.001),with a sensitivity of 0.951 and a specificity of 0.959. Internal validation of the nomogram prediction model yielded a corrected C-index of 0.982(95%CI=0.975-0.984),suggesting that the model had good calibration and a high net clinical benefit across a wide range of threshold probabilities.
Conclusion
2
Systematic nutritional management improves nutritional status,frailty status,and activities of daily living in frail elderly patients. Independent risk factors for poor efficacy of nutritional intervention include age ≥75 years,cognitive impairment, gut microbiota dysbiosis,Charlson comorbidity index ≥3,and elevated CRP and IL-6 levels;whereas higher BMI and systematic nutritional management are independent protective factors. A predictive model constructed based on these factors can be used for early risk assessment of treatment efficacy.
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