Objective    To analyze the incidence

clinical features

risk factors and prognosis of tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) in order to promote the awareness of the syndrome. Methods     Clinical data of 305 co-infected patients of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/tuberculosis (TB) were collected. The occurrence of TB-IRIS was calculated. The correlations of TB-IRIS with age

sex

CD4+ cell counts

HIV RNA levels and the severity of tuberculosis were respectively analyzed.  Results      The incidence of TB-IRIS was 13.1% (40/305) in the subjects. The patients with TB-IRIS had larger CD4+ cell count and younger age when compared with those without TB-IRIS at admittance (P0.05). For the patients who was found having TB-IRIS within 6 months after artiretroviral therapy (ART)

the increase of their CD4+ cell counts were larger than those without TB-IRIS

but the increase was similar in 1 year after ART. All 40 TB-IRIS patients had fever

and 85.0% of them had body temperature higher than 39 Celsius degrees. Thirty-eight patients (95.0%) were recovered from TB-IRIS

but the other 2 (5.0%) died from opportunistic infections. Conclusion     TB-IRIS mostly occurs in the first month after ART but has a relatively optimistic prognosis. Lower CD4+ cell count (≤50 cells/μL) before ART and younger age (≤60 years) are risk factors for TB-IRIS.