Objective      To report 2 cases of penicilliosis marneffei that was misdiagnosed as tuberculosis for a long time

and analysis relevant manifestations by literature review.       Methods      Two cases of disseminated penicilliosis marneffei in immunocompetent hosts from our hospital were presented

and the relevant manifestations by literature review were analyzed.       Results      The first case is a 32-year-old male

who was admitted with recurrent episodes of fever

productive cough and hemoptysis

and had accepted ineffective anti-infection and anti-tuberculosis treatment. Bronchoscopy showed that tracheas and bronchia mucosal epithelia were attached with white necrosis. Disseminated penicilliosis marneffei was diagnosed by fungal culture of tracheas necrosis and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The second case is a 28-year-old female

who was admitted with high temperature

cough

and sputum

had mass shadow with atelectasis in the upper lobe of left lung in her chest CT

and had accepted ineffective anti-tuberculosis treatment for a long time. Multiple subcutaneous abscess and osteolytic destruction appeared at the same time. Finally

penicilliosis marneffei was confirmed by fungal culture of crown mass puncture pus. Moreover

based on relevant literatures from 1980 to 2014

1 826 cases in CNKI and 471 cases in PUBMED had been reported. 78.3%-91.7% of these patients were HIV-infected

more than 90% with fever

about 50% with cough

anemia and skin lesions

about 60% with lung infiltration shadows

and approximately 40% with hepatosplenomegaly and lymphadenopathy.       Conclusion      Penicilliosis marneffei is more common in the patients with HIV infection

and it may also occur in the persons with normal immune function. It has different symptoms and easy to be misdiagnosed as tuberculosis. When general anti-infection or anti-tuberculosis treatment is ineffective in the immunocompetent patients

penicilliosis marneffei should be highly considered. Early diagnosis and treatment is the key for good prognosis of penicilliosis marneffei.