Objective      To analyze epidemiological characteristics of death of children in emergency department and find out the major diseases and the variation trend.        Methods      From January 2005 and December 2014

the data of 1 115 cases of emergency death of children in Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were sorted and retrospectively analyzed

including urban and rural distribution

gender and age

time and place of death

and season and primary diseases.       Results      The death ratio of boys to girls was 157:100

and the urban-to-rural ratio of emergency death was 1:2.64. Dead on arrival (DOA) amounted for 8.07%

and neonates and infants accounted for 37.49% and 26.10%

respectively. The data showed that the mortality of emergency cases was very high in the patients younger than 1 year of age (63.59%)

and emergency death happened frequently in each January (13.63%). Additionally

pneumonia (14.71%)

congenital heart disease (10.40%)

acute respiratory distress syndrome (9.24%)

accident (8.70%) and asphyxia (aspiration) (5.11%) were the top 5 causes of death

which indicated that respiratory system disease (total 23.95%) was the primacy factor. Significantly

the mortality caused by accidents and hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) presented an ascending trend in recent 10 years.       Conclusion      The probability of emergency death is the highest in the infants younger than 1 year old

and respiratory system disease is the leading cause of emergency death.