Objective      To survey the current status of the infection and treatment of children with hepatitis B virus in our hospital.       Methods      Clinical data of 4 494 children (≤17 years old) from Chongqing who were tested for HBV serum markers in our Hospital from January to December 2014 were collected

and the results were analyzed in this study.       Results      The positive rates of HBsAg

HBsAb and HBcAb were 1.7%

49.8% and 16.6% respectively while the negative rate of HBV markers was 31.9%. HBsAb positive rate of children aged from 1 to 3 years was 65.4%

which significantly higher than other 3 aged groups (Chi square=17.0

73.3

49.4

P0.05). And the HBsAg positive rate of those aged from 11 to 17 years was 2.6%

which significantly higher than other 3 groups (Chi square=5.6

12.4

8.4

P0.05). The HBsAg positive rate of identified chronic hepatitis B patients was 89.2%

and children aged from 1 to 3 years got the lowest rate of 53.8%. The biochemical and virological response rates were higher than 85% after 96 weeks’ antiviral treatment [nucleoside analogues: lamivudine (LAM)

telbivudine (LdT) and entecavir (ETV)]. And the serological response rate reached 40% after LAM or LdT treatment for 96 weeks or IFN-α for 48 weeks. There were 35 kids in regular supervision during the antiviral treatment

accounting for 36.5% in total.       Conclusion      The HBsAg positive rate in Chongqing (1.7%) has decreased obviously. But this result is still higher than government demand (1%). It is needed to increase the frequency of regular supervision for new patients to identify the state of HBsAg. Antiviral treatment would get a desirable response rate. But it is not so optimistic in children regular supervision. So it is better to strengthen to manage the treatment measures.