Objective      To evaluate the impact of urinary tract inflammation on the results of cytological examination and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in hematuria patients

and provide a reasonable way to use cytology

FISH and cystoscopy for the detection of bladder cancer (BC).       Methods      From January 2009 to May 2013

patients with asymptomatic microscopic or gross hematuria who were suspicious for BC were enrolled in the study. Cytology

FISH and cystoscopy were performed. The presence of inflammation was evaluated by microscopy. False-positive results were

compared with regard to the presence or absence of inflammation in patients.       Results      Of 155 patients

74 (47.7%) had BC and 81 (52.3%) had no evidence of BC. A total of 37 patients (23.9%) had inflammation according to the defined criteria. The rate of inflammation in patients with BC was 21.6% versus 25.9% in patients without BC (

P

=0.530). False-positive cytology and FISH in patients without signs of inflammation were present in 15.0% and 18.3% of patients. In patients with inflammatory changes in the urine

false-positive result rates were 19.0% (

P

=0.664)

and 23.8% (

P

=0.587).       Conclusion      Urinary tract inflammation did not impair the performance of cytological examination and FISH. Hence

patients with positive cytology and FISH results should undergo diagnostic cystoscopy

even in the case of concomitant urinary tract inflammation.