Objective       To determine the clinical outcomes of Masquelet technique in the treatment of osteomyelitis bone defects of long bones.       Methods       A total of 25 patients suffering from osteomyelitis defects of the long bones admitted in our department during June 2012 to May 2013 were recruited and retrospectively analyzed in this study. Clinical effects of the treatment and the probable influence of different local dosage of vancomycin on bone union were evaluated.       Results       All 25 cases were followed for 6 to 18 months. Twenty-two cases acquired bone union radiologically at the last follow-up. The average Samantha scores were 4.16 and 3.90 respectively in ordinary dosage group and high dosage group in 4 months postoperatively. Among the 12 cases receiving ordinary vancomycin PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate bone cements)

delayed healing of incision was seen in 1 case and relapse of infection were observed in 3 cases. There was no recurrence case found in high vancomycin PMMA group.       Conclusion       Masquelet technique is a reliable and simple approach in the treatment of osteomyelitis

and has advantages in the reconstruction of large long bone defects resulted from infection or trauma. PMMA with high dose of vancomycin is superior to ordinary vancomycin PMMA in attenuation of infection.