Objective       To investigate the value of serum levels of S-100B and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) for diagnosis and severity evaluation in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients.       Methods       Sixty-five TBI patients in our department from March 2012 to March 2013 were selected. Forty cases of fracture patients and 20 healthy patients were used as control. The serum levels of S-100B and GFAP were tested via ELISA to analyze their diagnostic value for TBI and relationship with severity of TBI patients.       Results 

      In the TBI patients  in 6 h after injury

the serum levels of S-100B and GFAP were significantly higher than those in the control group (

P

0.01)

with S-100B level significantly higher than GFAP (

P

0.01)

had the area under the ROC curve of 0.838 and 1.0

respectively

and both reached the peak in the second day (0.54±0.14 μg/L and 5.18±2.06 ng/L

respectively). The serum levels of GFAP and S-100B were significantly positively correlated with the severity and Marshall CT classification of TBI patients in a few days after injury (r0.65

P

0.01 )

and also had close relationship with the severity of brain tissue injury.       Conclusion       There is important diagnostic and dynamic evaluation value of serum levels of S100B and GFAP for TBI diagnosis and severity evaluation

especially by combined application.