Objective      To investigate the prevalence and etiological factors of female infertility with spina bifida occulta （SBO）.       Methods      A total of 1 172 infertile women (infertility group) in our hospital from January 2011 to January 2012 were enrolled in this study. They were divided into SBO subgroup (n=621) and non-SOB subgroup (NSBO

n=551） according to with or without SBO confirmed by X-ray film. The characteristics of prevalence and etiological factors between primary and secondary infertile women were evaluated and compared in 2 groups. Another 1 780 female patients without infertility and prevalence of SBO served as control.       Results      Prevalence of SBO was 52.99% in the infertility group

but only 9.44% in the control group. Prevalence of primary infertility （339，28.93%）was larger than secondary infertility（282，24.06%）（P0.05）in SBO subgroup. Prevalence of primary infertility （22

1.88%）was lesser than secondary infertility（529

45.14%）（P0.01）in NSBO subgroup. There were multiple complicated etiological factors for SBO. Primary infertility was due to disorders of ovulation

immunity factors and endocrine factors. Secondary infertility was due to tubal and uterus infection

immunity factors and endocrine factors. Surgery and infection induced by surgery were major etiological factors for female infertility in NSBO group（P0.05）.       Conclusion      Female infertility with SBO has higher prevalence than those without.