Objective      To observed the effect of Shenyansiwei Tablet

a drug based on a prescription of traditional Chinese drugs

on the expression of NF-κB and TGF-β1 in 5/6 subtotal nephrectomized rats.       Methods      A total of 24 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups

sham-operation group (group A)

subtotal nephrectomy (STN) group( group B)

STN with Shenyansiwei Tablet treatment group (group C)

and normal rats with Shenyansiwei Tablet treatment group (group D). The rats of the 2 later groups were intragastrically administrated with 2.16 g/（kg·d）Shenyansiwei Tablet since 3 d after STN operation for 90 d. Pathological changes in the renal tissues were observed with HE

Masson and PAS staining. The expression of NF-κB

TGF-β1 and Col Ⅲ in the renal tissues was detected by immunohistochemical assay. The expression levels of NF-κB and TGF-β1 in the renal tissues was measured by real-time PCR and Western blotting.       Results      The expression of NF-κB and TGF-β1 at protein and mRNA levels was significantly higher in group B than in group A (P0.05). The expression levels in group C was significantly higher than those in group A (P0.05)

but lower than in group B (P0.05). Immunohistochemical assay indicated similar results.        Conclusion      Shenyansiwei Tablet prevents renal fibrosis in 5/6 subtotal nephrectomized rats by down-regulating NF-κB and TGF-β1.