Objective      To analyze the reason and preventive strategies of neoplasm recurrences after transurethral resection (TUR) for patients with superficial transitional cell carcinoma (STCC).       Methods      From Jan. 2001 to Jun. 2007

128 randomly STCC patients who had undergone TUR in our hospital and received vesical irrigative chemotherapy merely with Mutamycin C after surgery

were assigned as the control group. Another series of 81 STCC patients in our hospital from July 2007 to Dec 2011 were selected as the observation group

and these patients received vesical irrigative chemotherapy with mutamycin C

as well as interferon after TUR. Of all patients

clinical data such as neoplasm recurrence

chemotherapy schemes and operative procedures

etc. was analyzed and summarized. Subsequently

a discussion on high risks of postoperative recurrences and the preventive measures was made combined with the latest literatures.       Results      A total of 209 patients were followed up for an average time of 31±3 months

with a total recurrence rate of 28.23%. Twelve patients accepted reoperation and presented a progression in clinicopathologic stage and/or grade. For all patients

the percentages of single

multiple tumors

stage Ta

T1

grade 1

2 and 3 tumors were 23.23%

42.59%

6.25%

34.78%

17.05%

37.25% and 62.07%

respectively. No difference in tumor stages

grades

and numbers was found between observation and control groups (P0.05). The recurrence rate for observation group was significantly lower than control group (14.15% vs 36.72%

P0.01). Furthermore

recurrence rates for single tumors

stage Ta or low grade tumors was significantly lower than multiple tumors

stage T1 or high grade tumors

respectively (P0.01).       Conclusion      There are various high risks associated with recurrences of STCC patients after TUR

such as those with high grades

at advanced stages

multiple lesions and non-papillary growth patterns of tumors

as well as invisible satellite lesions

omissions of small tumors due to anthropic factors

replantation of residual tumor fragments

failure of irrigative chemotherapy

etc. A standardized thoroughly resection of the primary tumor

combined with normalized vesical irrigative chemotherapy using chemicals and immunoreagents

including chemotherapy instantly after TUR

will promote the clinical outcome and decrease the recurrence rate.