Severe infections have been the main cause of death in clinical patients

and their diagnosis and treatment have been limited so far. In clinical diagnosis

pathogens can be quickly and precisely detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). However

further clinical practice remains to be explored. One of the most common severe infections

named spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP)

has a high rate of clinical misdiagnosis and poor prognosis. The diagnosis conditions should be lowered down and intensive treatments should be emphasized. Many aspects of the treatment for severe infections have been studied

including relationship of glucocorticoid dosage

duration of treatment and severity of disease. As for control of increasing bacteria resistance

enhancing the control of nosocomial infections and regulating the use of antibiotics are the primary means. Recently

new treatments have been developed

including hemoglobin-binding protein (Hb)

scavenger protein and Slit protein. They are potential drugs for the treatment of severe infections. Many potential fields of the research have also been proposed.