Objective    To examine spontaneous neuronal activity (SNA) and brain function alteration of major depression patients with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) analysis.     Methods    Ten major depression patients and thirteen healthy controls

matched for age

sex and education

were enrolled and scanned with rsfMRI. The rsfMRI data were preprocessed and calculated to obtain whole brain ReHo values with DPARSF software. The raw ReHo values were subjected to t-test of two independent samples with SPM5 software.     Results    Compared with controls

major depression patients had abnormal SNA in several brain regions related to cognitive control and emotional processing

including the parietal lobe

temporal lobe and limbic lobe. ReHo increase was observed in the right thalamus

left inferior parietal lobe

supramarginal gyrus

right cerebellum

right intraparietal sulcus

and right fusiform gyrus (P0.01)

and ReHo decrease was observed in the midbrain and right posterior cingulate gyrus (P0.01).     Conclusion    Abnormal resting-state functional connectivity exists in several brain regions of major depression patients. These regions are associated with cognitive control and emotional processing.