Objective    To analyze the factors affecting the kidney retransplantation and to improve the survival rate in long term.     Methods    Retrospective analysis of 39 cases with kidney retransplantation.     Results    Survival rates of the retransplantation group at 1

3

5 year were 76.5%

64.2%

56.5% respectively

while those in the control group were 87.1%

75.1%

68.2%.  The differences in grafting survival rates between the 2 groups were significant  (P0.05).  Higher incidences of acute rejection were found in patients with positive PRA than those with negative PRA

while lower incidences of actute rejection were observed in those treated with antibody-inducing therapy. No obvious relation was found between the survival rates and the incising of the dysfunction kidney.     Conclusion    Lower survival rates are seen in patients with retransplantation compared with those in the first time.The main risks for retransplantaion were allografts immunosuppressed. It is necessary to do HLA matching strictly  and to employ the antibody-inducing therapy. The incision the former grafted kidney were not suggested if no rejection and complication were found.