Objective    To diagnose and treat a rare case of disseminated Penicillium marneffei infection discovered by oropharynx swab in a non-HIV  patient.     Methods    The patient’s oropharynx swab and sputum were collected for culture respectively. The lymph node was examined by histopathologic technology. Subsequently

we identified Penicillium marneffei from the culture and the tissue by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).  Finally

the patient was treated by amphotericin B and  itraconazole.     Results    The mycological culture of the patient’s oropharynx swab and sputum showed that the fungus had grown in a mycelial phase at 25 ℃

and mold-to-yeast conversion was achieved by incubating at 37 ℃. Periodic acid-Schiff stains of lymph node revealed that there were numerous round to oval thinwalled yeastlike organisms with transverse septum which had collected just like grape.  Penicillium marneffei DNA was amplified by  PCR technique. The patient was diagnosed as disseminated Penicillium marneffei infection. Both amphotericin B and itraconazole were given with a definitive therapeutic effect.     Conclusion    As far as those patients suffer from an unknown origin fever

diffuse pulmonary inflammatory infiltration and systemic lymphadenectasis

the relative examinations of mycology should be emphasized especially under the circumstance of the failure in broad-spectrum antibiotic and regular anti-tuberculosis treatment.