Objective    To investigate the expression of Smad ubiquitination regulatory factor 1 and 2 (Smurf1

Smurf2) in the seborrheic keratosis.     Methods    Quantitative Real-Time PCR and immunohistochemical techniques were used to assess the expression of Smurf1 and Smurf2 in seborrheic keratosis and normal control skin.     Results    The expression levels of Smurf1 and Smurf2 in the epidermis of seborrheic keratosis that affected 65 cases (27 male and 38 female

average age: 58.5 years

average course of disease: 4.1 years) admitted to our hospital

were markedly increased in comparison with those of normal control skins from the 30 subjects (10 male and 20 female

average age: 47 years) who underwent plastic surgery.     Conclusion    Overexpressions of Smurf1 and Smurf2 interfere in TGF-β signaling and contribute to formation of aberrant hyperplastic epidermis in seborrheic keratosis.